The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
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"Pagan gradually grew to absorb its surrounding states until the 1050s–1060s when Anawrahta founded the Pagan Empire, the first ever unification of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Pagan Empire and the Khmer Empire were two main powers in mainland Southeast Asia.[50] The Burmese language and culture gradually became dominant in the upper Irrawaddy valley, eclipsing the Pyu, Mon and Pali norms by the late 12th century. Theravada Buddhism slowly began to spread to the village level although Tantric, Mahayana, Brahmanic, and animist practices remained heavily entrenched. Pagan?s rulers and wealthy built over 10,000 Buddhist temples in the Pagan capital zone alone. Repeated Mongol invasions (1277–1301) toppled the four-century-old kingdom in 1287."
Source/publisher:
Wikipedia
Date of entry/update:
2014-07-03
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Websites/Multiple Documents
Category:
Pagan (Bagan) period [849-1287 AD], The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], The Konbaung Dynasty and the Anglo-Burmese Wars [1753-1885]
Language:
English
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Source/publisher:
Wikipedia (Burmese)
Date of entry/update:
2013-12-18
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Websites/Multiple Documents
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The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
Language:
Burmese
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"...Table Contents: Chapter (1) History prior tot A.D. 639, Chapter (2) The dawn of true history, Chapter (3) The development of medieval Burma, Chapter (4) The mongols and Burma, Chapter (5) The kingdom of AVA, Chapter (6) The Taungu emperors of Pegu, Chapter (7) The Taungu line of Burmese kings, Chapter (8) The Manghus and the Mozzobo dynasty of Alaung-Paya-Gyi or the great Alompra,..."
Source/publisher:
Kham Koo Website
Date of publication:
1893-03-00
Date of entry/update:
2020-01-19
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Individual Documents
Category:
The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
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King Thalun (AD 1629 - 48) was a successful ruler of Toungoo Dynasty (AD 1486- 1752). He was seriously concerned with the welfare of his people. Buddhism also prospered during his reign and he was noted for his peaceful governance and the improved living conditions throughout his realm?..Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar- politics and government - King Thalun , 1629 ? 48?2. Myanmar - history
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 49, Part 1, pp51-69, 1966 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1966-06-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], General and National administration
Language:
Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ (Metadata: English and Burmese)
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932.76 KB
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King Thalun (AD 1629-48) was a successful ruler of Toungoo Dynasty (AD 1486-1752). He was seriously
concerned with the welfare of his people. Buddhism also prospered during his reign and he was noted for his peaceful
governance and the improved living conditions throughout his realm.....Subject Terms: 1. Myanmar-politics and government - King Thalun, 1629-48...
2. Myanmar-history
Than Tun, Dr.
Source/publisher:
"Journal of Burma Research Society", Vol. 51, Part 2, pp173-188, 1968 via University of Washington
Date of publication:
1968-12-00
Date of entry/update:
2014-11-28
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Washington University, The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752], General and National administration
Language:
English
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730.89 KB
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Note:
The following addendum to Jon Fernquest, (2005) ?Min-gyi-nyo,
the Shan Invasions of Ava (1524-27), and the Beginnings of
Expansionary Warfare in Toungoo Burma: 1486-1539,? SOAS
Bulletin of Burma Research 3.2 (Autumn 2005): 35-142, was
submitted after the journal was off to press (so to speak). We have
added it here at the end of the volume. It is hoped that readers of
Jon?s article, earlier in this journal, will also take note of this
additional and revised material.
M.W.C...."Several factors conditioned the relation between the Shan Realm,
China, and Burmese Ava before Min-gyi-nyo?s accession to power:...
John Fernquest (Fernquist)
Source/publisher:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, Autumn 2005
Date of publication:
2005-09-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
Language:
English
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"In 1596, one thousand Lao war captives fled from Pegu, the capital of the kingdom
of Burma, back to their native kingdom of Lan Sang. This incident is insignificant
when compared to more cataclysmic changes like the founding or fall of dynasties,
but it has attracted the attention of Western, Thai, and Burmese historians since the
17th century.
The incident is noteworthy and exceptional in several ways. First, the flight
was to a remote destination: Laos. Second, the incident involved two traditional
enemies: Burmese and ethnic Tai?s. "Tai" will be used to emphasize that this is an
autonomous history of pre-modern states ranging from Ayutthya in the South,
through Lan Sang, Lan Na, Kengtung, and Sipsong Panna in the North, to the Shan
states of Burma in the far north. Third, the entries covering the incident in the
Ayutthya, Chiang Mai, and Lan Sang chronicles are short, ambiguous, and beg to
be explained. All of this gives the incident great dramatic potential and two
historians of note have made use of these exceptional characteristics to further their
literary and ideological goals: de Marini, a Jesuit priest, in a book published in
1663, and Prince Damrong, a Thai historian, in a book published in 1917. Sections
2 and 5 will analyze the works of these historians..."
Jon Fernquest
Source/publisher:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2005
Date of publication:
2005-03-20
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
Historiography, The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
Language:
English
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Description:
Conclusion:
"The main purpose of this paper has been to provide a narrative
history charting the forces at work behind state expansion in the
early Toungoo period. Both the reign of Min-gyi-nyo and the Shan
invasions of Ava played important roles in this expansion. From the
very beginning of Min-gyi-nyo?s reign, after seizing the throne of
Toungoo in 1486, Min-gyi-nyo built an ever widening sphere of
influence in Upper Burma. After conquering the Pyinmana area near
Toungoo, during the 1490s Min-gyi-nyo attacked the rebellious
vassal Yamethin on behalf of his overlord the king of Ava and made
exploratory military probes along the frontier of Mon Ramanya to the
south. In 1501-03, there was a succession struggle at Ava as well as
an invasion and occupation of the northern part of the Mu River
valley, an important part of Ava?s food supply. In the wake of these
events, the new king of Ava attempted to draw Min-gyi-nyo closer to
him through a marriage alliance and a gift of strategically important
territory near Kyaukse, another important part of Ava?s food supply.
Min-gyi-nyo entered into a state of rebellion for the first time,
spurned Ava?s gift and depopulated the territory. Ava sent a military
expedition against Toungoo in retaliation, but Min-gyi-nyo
intercepted it ahead of time and defeated it. Shortly afterwards, in
1505, Toungoo joined with Prome and attacked towns in the
Myingyan area near Pagan. Toungoo was defeated and humbled by a joint military expedition sent by Ava and Hsipaw. In 1505, three
princes rebelled and seized the town of Pakan-gyi at the confluence
of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin rivers. Instead of making an
immediate move to help the rebels, Toungoo and Prome bided their
time with expeditions against settlements like Magwe to the south.
Their caution was vindicated when the princes were defeated and
executed. During his trips from Toungoo to and from these
campaigns, Min-gyi-nyo attacked and raided settlements along the
way, in some instances establishing marriage alliances. In 1510, the
king of Ava built a new capital and palace and Min-gyi-nyo followed
his example. After 1510, while Ava was burdened by Shan raids of
increasing intensity, Toungoo settled back to a period of peace. Only
in 1523 did Min-gyi-nyo venture out of Toungoo again in a military
expedition. During the Shan invasions of Ava (1524-27), he gained
many loyal vassals in the area south of Ava. Min-gyi-nyo died in
1531. The new Shan state at Ava invaded Prome in 1532 and in
1535 Toungoo under a new king Tabinshweihti started a series of
attacks against Pegu, the capital of Mon Ramanya, that led to
Toungoo?s conquest and control over the southern Ramanya region
and its lucrative maritime trade.
Several demographic factors that played a role in state
formation together with a model of state formation have been
assessed for their relevance to early Toungoo state expansion
(1486-1539). Although many might regard the lack of primary
sources for the First Toungoo Dynasty as limiting research
possibilities, it is hoped that shining the light of disciplines such as
historical demography, political anthropology, the anthropology of
war, as well as economic theory (Schmid, 2004; Van Tuyll and
Brauer, 2004) on the evidence combined with a continued search for
new primary sources will allow new advances to be made in this
important but understudied period of Burmese history. Perhaps
archaeological evidence will also one day supplement the evidence
that is now almost entirely textual."
Jon Fernquest
Source/publisher:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, Autumn 2005,
Date of publication:
2005-09-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
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English
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Description:
?Gaspero Balbi his Voyage to Pegu, and observations there, gathered
out of his owne Italian Relation,? in Samuel Purchas (ed.), Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His
Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen
and Others", volume 10, (1626). "Gaspero Balbi, an Italian travelling to Southeast Asia in the sixteenth century, has left for us a
valuable account of Burma during the reign of Bayinnaung..."
Gaspero Balbi
Source/publisher:
?Gaspero Balbi his Voyage to Pegu..." via SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, Autumn 2003,
Date of publication:
1626-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-10-03
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
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English
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Abstract / Description:
"The 15th century was a period of intense interaction between Ming China and Southeast Asia. The period saw the Ming invade Ðại Việt, expand the scope of the Chinese polity by exploiting and then incorporating Tai polities of upland Southeast Asia, and launch a succession of hugely influential maritime armadas which travelled through Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. It is argued that these three aspects of Ming policy can be seen as differing types of Ming colonialism greatly affecting Southeast Asia during the 15th century and beyond.
A chronological study of the policies relating to Southeast Asia of the successive Ming rulers is followed by a thematic overview of how the Ming policies actually affected Southeast Asia in the 15th century. This includes reference to effects in the political, economic and cultural topography of Southeast Asia The beginnings of a non-state-sponsored maritime trade between China and Southeast Asia is also investigated."...Keywords: Ming, Southeast Asia, 15th century, Zheng He, Dai Viet, Tai, Malacca.....20 references to Burma
Geoffrey Wade
Source/publisher:
Asia Research Institute National University of Singapore Working Paper 28
Date of publication:
2004-07-00
Date of entry/update:
2010-03-12
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Individual Documents
Language:
English
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Description:
About the king Bayintnaung, the king who united Myanmar and established second Myanmar kingdom, the Toungoo Dynasty and his campaigns...
U Thaw Khaung
Source/publisher:
Chulalongkorn University (Faculty of Arts, Department of Comparative Literature)
Date of publication:
2000-00-00
Date of entry/update:
2004-12-09
Grouping:
Individual Documents
Category:
The Toungoo Dynasty [1486-1752]
Language:
English
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