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BurmaNet News: February 2, 2001
- Subject: BurmaNet News: February 2, 2001
- From: strider@xxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Fri, 02 Feb 2001 09:25:00
______________ THE BURMANET NEWS ______________
An on-line newspaper covering Burma
February 2, 2001 Issue # 1725
______________ www.burmanet.org _______________
INSIDE BURMA _______
*The Economist: Signs of a thaw?
*Far Eastern Economic Review: Political Prison For Burma's Far North
*Bangkok Post : Reconciliation Talks in a Fragile State, Says EU Team
*Financial Times: Junta ready to soften on Suu Kyi
*Xinhua: Myanmar Reviews Healthcare System in Hospitals
REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL _______
*European Report: EU/Burma: Rangoon Talks Revive Relations
*AP: Bangladesh, Myanmar reach accord on disputed dam construction
*AFP: Myanmar denies problems with Thailand
*Radio Australia: Burmese opposition leaders discussing pardons for
junta
*Radio Australia: Burmese rulers may talk with Suu Kyi in a matter of
weeks
*The Washington Post: Chao's Burma: It's All in The Hands
ECONOMY/BUSINESS _______
*Chemical Business Newsbase: Import restraints on Burma textiles
__________________ INSIDE BURMA ____________________
The Economist: Signs of a thaw?
February 3, 2001 U.S. Edition
WHAT is going on in Myanmar? European diplomats ventured into the
capital Yangon, formerly Rangoon, this week to discuss the junta's
recent charm offensive, and came away little the wiser, though there are
plenty of encouraging signs. On January 26th it was revealed that the
government had freed over 80 political prisoners. One of them was Tin
Oo, the vice-chairman of the National League for Democracy, which won an
election in 1990 that the generals have never honoured. The prisoner
release followed an announcement by the UN that Aung San Suu Kyi, who
heads the NLD and has been consistently demonised by the government, had
been meeting some of the junta's top generals.
Both of these gestures are extraordinary. The generals have been
rounding up NLD members relentlessly over the past couple of years, in
an effort to eradicate any remnants of an opposition. They have been
even more dogged in their efforts to discredit Miss Suu Kyi, who won the
Nobel peace prize for opposing them and who remains the rallying point
for the regime's detractors around the world. Last August the government
blockaded a road for days to prevent her from visiting supporters
outside the city. Since then she has been under virtual house arrest.
So why have the generals suddenly relaxed their grip? The most likely
answer is that they think they can afford to, not that they have to.
Though western countries maintain sanctions against the regime, it is
hard to believe that it is now buckling. Most Asian countries are still
happy to do business with Myanmar, and China especially is doing roaring
cross-border trade.
Nor should one read too much into reports of a split between reformers
and hardliners. Trade restrictions and multi-tiered exchange rates do
indeed distort some parts of the economy grotesquely. And Khin Nyunt,
one of the junta's top generals, does appear to support making some
changes. But there is not much chance of anything dramatic happening.
"The thing that they all agree about is that any economic reform would
cause chaos in the country," says one western businessman who pops in
and out from Thailand. And although the government's growth figures are
overblown, the economy is nevertheless slightly expanding, rather than
contracting.
Moreover, even the "reformers" within the junta have little interest in
loosening up politically. They do not think they need to do so to
improve the economy, and they certainly do not feel vulnerable
politically. The military regime, says a recent report by the
International Crisis Group, a think-tank, is "as strong as at any time
in the country's history". The army has roughly doubled in size since
1988, when it bloodily suppressed a wave of protest and installed itself
in power.
Unfortunately for Myanmar's democrats, the generals appear to be so well
entrenched that they can now afford to work on their public relations.
There is no harm in releasing opponents if the opposition is no longer a
threat. And if Miss Suu Kyi is becoming irrelevant, there is no harm in
meeting her to discuss the terms of surrender.
___________________________________________________
Far Eastern Economic Review: Political Prison For Burma's Far North
FEER, Issue cover-dated February 8, 2001
Burma's military government appears to be building a new prison for
political prisoners in the remote far north of the country, local people
and dissidents say.
The facility is being constructed near the town of Putao, which nestles
among the highest mountains in Southeast Asia and must be reached by air
from the Kachin state capital of Myitkyina.
Local people have seen prisoners working on the construction of the jail
and say the warden told them they were political detainees.
Burmese dissidents note that the International Committee of the Red
Cross has had access to all inmates in the country's prisons for more
than a year.
The Burmese government, by isolating political prisoners in the north,
would make Red Cross access more difficult, they add. The ICRC would
effectively be confined to visiting only convicted criminals. There are
believed to be at least 1,000 political prisoners languishing in Burma's
jails.
The military, which refused to accept the opposition National League for
Democracy's landslide election win in 1990, denies it holds political
prisoners.
___________________________________________________
Bangkok Post : Reconciliation Talks in a Fragile State, Says EU Team
Thursday, February 1, 2 001
Aung San Suu Kyi in good spirits, though
Achara Ashyagachat
A European Union delegation concluded a mission to Burma optimistic
about the prospects for national reconciliation but stressed that the
process is at a fragile state.
Borje Ljunggren, the senior Swedish of ficial who headed the delegation,
said: "The dialogue between the SPDC and Aung San Suu Kyi is still at a
fragile state. They have approached the dialogue with a lack of mutual
understanding and therefore confidence building is the key word."
Mr Ljunggren, head of the Swedish Foreign Ministry's Asia and Pacific
Department, was accompanied by counterparts from Belgium, the EU Council
and the European Commission.
The EU delegates were expected to assess the state of relations between
the ruling State Peace and Development Council and its pro-democratic
opposition led by Aung San Suu Kyi since the dialogue resumed in
Octoher.
Razali Ismail, the United Nations special envoy on Burma, broke the news
about the dialogue last month.
Mr Ljunggren said that because of the fragile nature of the dialogue
many things were kept confidential between the two parties and his
delegation had limited information about their talks.
"The talk is still at an early stage and has not gone as far as a
discussion about an election," he said.
However, he said his overall impression after a two-hour talk with Mrs
Suu Kyi was optimistic. "She was in a good mood," Mr Ljunggren said.
The Karen National Union hopes for positive developments from the EU
visit, said Gen Bo Mya, the group's military leader. Speaking while
celebrating the 52nd Revolutionary Day in an area under the Sixth
Division opposite Tak, Gen Bo Mya said the KNU's door was always open
for talks with the junta but without conditions.
___________________________________________________
Financial Times: Junta ready to soften on Suu Kyi
By Amy Kazmin
Published: January 26 2001
In a Rangoon courtroom this week, Judge U Soe Thein gave a rare break to
Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma's pro-democracy leader: the judge threw out a
lawsuit by Ms Suu Kyi's estranged brother seeking half of the family
house where the Nobel Prize winner now lives under virtual house arrest.
It was a decision aimed at the court of world opinion, one more in a
series of small, conciliatory gestures by Burma's military regime
towards their long-time adversary. It follows the announcement earlier
this month that Ms Suu Kyi and Burma's chief of military intelligence,
Lt Gen Khin Nyunt, have held direct talks since October aimed at
breaking the long political impasse that has relegated Burma to the
margins of the international community.
"To me, it is an indication that they (the junta) don't want to make
things worse. They want to make things better," David Steinberg,
director of the Asian Studies Institute at Georgetown University, said
of the judge's ruling.
The military made another offering on Thursday, releasing Tin Oo, the
septuagenarian vice-chair of Ms Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy
(NLD), and more than 80 opposition members, held in custody since Ms Suu
Kyi tried unsuccessfully last September to visit party workers in
Mandalay.
After years of political stalemate, diplomats and analysts see the
tentative change in public posture towards Ms Suu Kyi and the NLD as a
reflection of the junta's desire to improve its international image,
amid intensifying economic and social pressures at home.
The Burmese currency, the kyat, is rapidly depreciating amid economic
stagnation and dwindling investment. A growing Aids epidemic threatens
to take a heavy toll on the country, which Khin Nyunt publicly
acknowledged this week after past denial. The potential impact of
sanctions imposed by the International Labour Organisation last November
have also raised fresh uncertainties for the economy.
Even the Association of South East Asian Nations, which embraced Burma
as a new member in 1997, has shown impatience as the regime's disdain
for human rights has tarnished Asean'sown image.
Prodding from Razali Ismail, the UN special envoy on Burma, and also
from trusted friend Mahathir Mohammed, the Malaysian prime minister,
appears to have persuaded the junta that engaging Ms Suu Kyi - who has
been under virtual house arrest herself since the aborted Mandalay trip
- might help turn down the international heat.
Sceptics, of course, recall that Burma's military rulers met twice with
Ms Suu Kyi in 1994, then broke off talks, having pronounced Ms Suu Kyi
as too inflexible.
This time, the junta's overture follows a vigorous campaign to weaken
the NLD, by shutting party offices and detaining members until they
"renounce" the party.
Still, there are hopes that the interaction may lead to some incremental
concessions, or tentative steps to allow the NLD to function more
freely. Mr Steinberg said one sign of progress could be if the stalled
efforts to draft a constitution were to resume with the participation of
the NLD, which earlier bowed out of the effort.
"Do I believe the government will turn over power to the opposition? No.
Do I think there may be some sort of accommodation? That is
conceivable," he said. "You're looking at eroding the rigidity of power,
rather than changing the structure of power."
For Burma's military rulers, the potential pay-off of a few democratic
risks is high. Australia, Japan, and India have already deepened their
political contacts with the regime, in part to counter China's
ever-strengthening political and economic influence, and several
potential donors are clearly ready to boost the flow of aid, if there
are signs that Burma is on a path to change.
Japanese businesses, in particular, have been clamouring for their
government to resume large-scale development assistance to Burma, but
Tokyo has been reluctant to fully break with western sanctions until
there are signs of political progress.
"Asean and Japan set some conditions. They have said 'look we don't
expect you to become democratic overnight, but you've got to be seen to
be doing something'," said one western diplomat based in Bangkok.
A new Republication administration in Washington could also soon face
renewed pressure from American companies to re-examine the investment
sanctions imposed on Burma, where vice-president Dick Cheney has past
business links. A high-level European Union delegation is also due to
arrive in Burma next week to assess the situation and express support
for any dialogue.
Jan Axel Nordlander, Sweden's ambassador to Thailand, said it was
"premature" to discuss the lifting of sanctions, but said the
prerequisite to any softening would be "tangible steps towards the
reinstatement of democracy and respect for human rights". It looks as if
the regime may have taken the first tentative steps on what is
nevertheless a long road ahead.
___________________________________________________
Xinhua: Myanmar Reviews Healthcare System in Hospitals
YANGON, February 2 (Xinhua) -- A workshop began here Thursday to review
Myanmar's cost-sharing healthcare system practiced in the country's
hospitals since the end of 1993, official newspaper The New Light of
Myanmar reported Friday. The two-day workshop is sponsored by the
Myanmar Ministry of Health and the World Health organization. Myanmar
Minister of Health Major-General Ket Sein told the workshop that trust
funds have been set up in 398 hospitals in the country, adding that
arrangements are being made to give free medical care to the poor and
needy with the use of these trust funds.
He disclosed that in last year, about 550,000 poor and needy patients
were given free medical care. According to the report, main drugs
project under the system is being undertaken in 45 townships in Myanmar.
The cost-sharing healthcare system was said to have been introduced on
account of the limited ability of the government to bear all the
national health expenditures alone. Meanwhile, Myanmar is implementing a
five-year national health plan which has started in 1996. The plan
covers areas such as community healthcare, disease control, hospital
care, environmental health and health system development.
___________________ REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL___________________
European Report: EU/Burma: Rangoon Talks Revive Relations
[The European Report is a publication of the European Union]
January 31, 2001
A European Union delegation began talks in Rangoon on 29 January with
the Burmese military junta in an attempt to revive relations with the
regime. While the EU still condemns the Burmese Government's lack of
democracy and its poor human rights record, it now says that dialogue is
probably the best way of affecting change, and is expected to press the
junta to start a breakthrough dialogue with the opposition. The Troika
delegation should be allowed access to opposition representatives,
including leader and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi - who
has been back under house arrest since last September. The delegation
consists of representatives from Sweden and Belgium, the present and
next holders of the EU's rotating Presidency, and high-level European
Commission officials.
BODY:
Burma's military rulers face widespread criticism from the West for
refusing to hand over power to Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for
Democracy, which won elections in Myanmar in 1990. The agreement to
allow the EU fact-finding mission is seen as a major compromise between
the military regime and one of its most vocal critics. After a
three-year-old stalled dialogue, the two sides agreed to a new era in
relations last December at a Ministerial meeting in Laos between the EU
and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) of which Burma
is also a member.
The Troika will meet a number of representatives of the Government and
the Opposition, ethnic minorities, non-governmental organisations and
United Nations bodies. It will be headed by Director Birje Lunggren,
Head of the Asia and Pacific Department at the Ministry for Foreign
Affairs, and consists of representatives of the European Commission, the
Council Secretariat and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
The delegation will try to encourage the ruling military junta and the
opposition National League for Democracy, led by Suu Kyi, to embark on a
ground-breaking dialogue. The four-member team will hold its meetings
three weeks after the United Nations announced that Daw Suu Kyi had held
talks with Khin Nyunt, a leading figure in the ruling State Peace and
Development Council, the military leadership. Razali Ismail, the UN
envoy who has acted as broker in the secret contacts, said that they
were paving the way for "more substantive discussions" that could end a
decade of political deadlock. Earlier in January, the Council ended its
personal attacks on Daw Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy
and then it released 19 members of the league's youth wing and Tin Oo,
its Vice-Chairman, after four months in detention.
British Labour MEP Glenys Kinnock (PES, UK), in Tokyo at the end of
January to discuss Burma affairs with Diet members said the junta could
not be allowed to keep playing games with Suu Kyi as a way to obtain
more aid from the international community. She also demanded further
economic sanctions against the country and criticised firms investing
there such as Britain's Premier Oil.
--Since 1996, the EU has adopted a number of Joint Actions with
sanctions against Burma, which have been renewed and updated every six
months.
The following measures currently apply:
- A ban on visas for senior members of the Government (supplemented in
April 2000 with the publication of a list of those covered by the ban
and a freeze on their assets in EU countries),
- No high-level bilateral visits to Burma,
- A ban on all development co-operation other than humanitarian aid and
assistance in support of human rights via NGOs,
- A ban on military co-operation and weapon deliveries,
- A ban on deliveries of equipment that could be used for internal
repression. --
___________________________________________________
AP: Bangladesh, Myanmar reach accord on disputed dam construction
Feb. 2, 2001
TEKNAF, Bangladesh (AP) _ Myanmar agreed Friday to stop building a
controversial dam on a common river with Bangladesh, ending more than a
month of border tensions, officials said.
Myanmar signed an agreement Friday with Bangladesh to scrap the
construction of a dam that it started building on the frontier Naf River
last month, triggering protests and exchange of gunfire between border
troops.
Myanmar also pledged to consult Bangladesh before building any future
dams on the Naf River in Friday's agreement, signed after four hours of
talks between the two sides at the Myanmar border outpost of Naisadaung,
the head of the Bangladesh delegation told reporters.
``Thirty-nine days of tension between two friendly countries has been
resolved with this deal,'' Mohammad Janibul Haq, joint secretary of the
Ministry of Home Affairs, said in the border town of Teknaf, 300
kilometers (185 miles) south of the national capital, Dhaka.
Hundreds of villagers in border areas fled their homes as Bangladesh
and Myanmar stepped up border security after Myanmar workers started
digging earth for the dam on Jan. 8, in contradiction of a 1966 border
accord.
A joint survey team from Myanmar and Bangladesh visited the site of the
disputed dam earlier on Friday. The Myanmar delegation at the talks was
headed by U Aung Bwa, deputy director general of the Foreign Ministry.
The two neighbors also agreed to reinforce a previous agreement to curb
smuggling and promote bilateral trade.
Bangladesh and Myanmar share a 270-kilometer (170-mile) border,
comprising areas of dense forests, hills and 63 kilometers (39 miles) of
seacoast.
___________________________________________________
AFP: Myanmar denies problems with Thailand
BANGKOK, Feb 2 (AFP) - Myanmar said it "does not believe there exist big
problems" with Thailand in response to Thaksin Shinawatra's plan to
address strained relations by traveling to Myanmar as his first official
visit as Thailand's prime minister, a junta spokesman said Friday.
Myanmar welcomed Thaksin's announcement and said it was "quite natural
that there may be matters that may require the attention of both
nations" but that it "does not believe there exist big problems between
the two nations."
"In the past, we had the pleasure to extend our hospitality to Thai
leaders on many occasions and our doors always remain open to our
friends from neighbouring countries", the spokesman added.
Thaksin said Thursday he would use the visit as an opportunity to
discuss problems that have arisen along Thailand's 1,300-mile border
with Myanmar.
"We have many problems with Myanmar, particularly with regard to trade
along the border, fishery disputes, and the drugs trade," Thaksin told
reporters.
Thaksin said he had not yet decided which other countries he would
visit, but he is expected to call on fellow Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN) members before venturing further afield.
Several of Thaksin's senior advisers are seen as more sympathetic to
the junta than the outgoing administration of Prime Minister Chuan
Leekpai.
The billionaire businessman said he expects Thailand's new parliament
to vote him in as prime minister within a week, allowing him then to
unveil his cabinet and deliver a policy platform.
The new 500-seat House of Representatives is due to convene on Sunday,
with a three-party coalition led by Thaksin's Thak Rai Thai party at the
helm.
___________________________________________________
Radio Australia: Burmese opposition leaders discussing pardons for junta
Feb. 2, 2001
A senior minister of Burma's government-in-exile says opposition
politicians are weighing up whether to grant an amnesty to Burmese
leaders, accused of widespread human rights violations.
The revelation comes as a delegation of European Union officials met
members of the military junta, and opposition leader, Aung Sun Suu Kyi.
Opposition minister Tein Oo says he believes a breakthrough in the
11-year old political deadlock could be just weeks away.
But he says the members of the junta are fearful they could face
prosecution.
That is very important, because a lot of crime are committed by the
military regime so if there is no amnesty order it is very dangerous for
them, but on the other hand the civilians suffered very painfully so we
need to comfort them and (give) compensation to the civilians in our
country so we are considering very seriously both sides..
___________________________________________________
Radio Australia: Burmese rulers may talk with Suu Kyi in a matter of
weeks
Feb. 2, 2001
A senior Burmese opposition politician, Tein =(TAYN) Oo says
abreakthrough in resolving the country's long running political deadlock
could be just weeks away.
The comment came as a European Union fact-finding team described recent
talks between opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and the military as the
most interesting development in Burma in more than a decade.
Tein Oo, a minister in the government-in-exile says he believes a
power-sharing agreement may be close at hand.
They will not release all the power. They would like to control maybe
the army at least. I would like to wait another couple of weeks. If the
military regime is sincere, at that time I think they will have some
agreement, some concrete agreement.
___________________________________________________
The Washington Post: Chao's Burma: It's All in The Hands
February 02, 2001
ALPHABET SOUP flows through the captions of "Burma: Something Went
Wrong," an exhibition of photographic portraits by Washington artist
Chan Chao now at the Art Gallery of the University of Maryland: "Member
of ABSDF," "Members of CNA," "Young Recruit for CNF," "Member of KNLA."
What these cryptic initialisms stand for is anybody's guess, although
it's clear from the legend on the skinny young man's shirt in the first
picture that ABSDF is some kind of army. Look closer, and you might even
be able to make out the tag around his neck, which reads "All Burma
Students' Democratic Front."
Instead of a gun or knife (there are enough of them elsewhere in the
show), this young soldier -- tough-looking, but wary and vulnerable in
sleeveless T-shirt and sarong -- carries what looks to be a durian, a
foul-smelling fruit with a spiny, green rind. No explanation is offered
as to who he is.
Chao has always known how to get someone's attention. Beginning several
years ago, he made a name for himself with a black-and-white series of 7
1/2-foot-tall portraits of (mostly) female nudes, each one divided into
three separate segments focusing on the face, torso and crotch. A
half-dozen of these modern-day caryatids are also featured in the Art
Gallery's back room, where they are joined by a naked, catheterized man
with a large surgical scar running up the center of his shaved belly.
Just try looking away.
The Burmese photos are different, though. For one thing, the pictures
are smaller and in color. For another, the subjects are clothed. More
importantly, though, there's a poker-faced detachment to the portfolio,
a forced distance between the subjects and the artist that positions the
work perilously close to anthropological field research. Meant to raise
awareness about the ongoing civil war and military dictatorship in the
country where Chao was born in 1966 (now officially called Myanmar), the
exhibition and its accompanying catalogue accomplish this by asking an
implicit question -- What went wrong? -- without providing an explicit
answer. The tease is deliberate.
Who are these people? you will ask. Maybe even: Why should I care? The
only clues are provided by a single panel of wall text, encapsulating
some 50 troubled years of Burmese history since gaining independence
from Britain in the late 1940s and a paragraph or two explaining the
circumstances of Chao's latest project. Denied a visa to visit the
country he left at the age of 12, Chao traveled to encampments along the
Burmese borders with Thailand and India in 1996, 1997 and 1998, where he
photographed political exiles, refugee families and so-called "student"
rebels fighting the ominously named SLORC, or State Law and Order
Restoration Council. Ironically, these freedom fighters (most of whom
are now in their 30s) haven't been in school in years.
In some cases, names are provided ("Aung Naing Oo," "Kyaw Htoo and
Robey"); in others, merely an affiliation with an enigmatic, and
untranslated, acronym. One assumes these lean and hungry-looking men in
fatigues and camouflage are the good guys, but Chao doesn't help us out
by telling us.
Documentary this is not. Nor is it ethnography.
Portraiture is a different animal entirely, and Chao is a skilled
practitioner of the art. As in his earlier nude series, all these faces
stare at you, blank, serene and unsmiling. But look at the hands. There
you'll find the soul and subtext that's missing from the eyes. Whether
holding a baby, a weapon, a key chain or a crutch, whether clasped
nervously in front, shoved into pockets or hanging slack by the side,
the hands in Chao's portraits suggest a little something about what's
going on inside the subjects' heads.
Yet unlike the artist's black-and-white portraits, in which hands call
attention to the inner person by what body parts they choose (or refuse)
to cover, Chao's Burmese hands seem to itch. Like the dispossessed and
disenfranchised subjects they belong to, the hands here feel restless
and ill at ease, even when they're limp.
Jeffrey Hoone writes in the catalogue's preface:
"In many of his portraits the subjects hold simple objects: a sickle, a
saw, a large piece of fruit, a live chicken. These simple objects
provide an elegant solution to the problem of portraiture where
individuals are often unsure of what to do with their hands, and in that
uncertainty convey stiff and formal poses. But the objects are also
disarming because they signal the activities of a simple agrarian life,
not one of armed resistance. This contradiction plays heavily into the
power that each image conveys, because each person that Chao photographs
displays a remarkable range of honesty and emotion that seems to long
for a return to the simple pleasures of family, work and relaxation --
not another night of firing rockets or setting land mines."
Tell that to Sein Win Tin, whose hands (and most of one arm) have been
blown clean off. There, and only there, in a double portrait with
another obviously injured man named Nay Htoo, Chao makes his stark point
without equivocation.
-- Michael O'Sullivan
BURMA: SOMETHING WENT WRONG -- Through March 3 at the Art Gallery, 1202
Art-Sociology Building, University of Maryland, College Park (Metro:
College Park-UMD; free shuttle service available). 301/405-2763. Web
site: www.inform.umd.edu/artgal. Open Mondays through Fridays 11 to 4
(Thursdays until 8); Saturdays 11 to 5. Free.
_______________ ECONOMY AND BUSINESS _______________
Chemical Business Newsbase: Import restraints on Burma textiles
FEDERAL REGISTER-- Announcement of import restraint limits for certain
cotton, wool, man- made fibre, silk blend and other vegetable fibre
textile products produced or manufactured in Burma (Myanmar)
Jan. 31, 2001
The Royal Society of Chemistry
On 24 Jan 2001 the Committee for the Implementation of Textile
Agreements issued a directive to the Commissioner of Customs
establishing import restraint limits for certain cotton, wool, man-made
fibre, silk blend and other vegetable fibre textile products produced or
manufactured in Burma (Myanmar) and exported during the twelve-month
period beginning on 1 Jan 2001 and extending through 31 Dec 2001, in
excess of the established levels of restraint.
Federal Register Online via GPO Access www.access.gpo.gov
______________________OTHER______________________
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