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Burma Needs Political Reforms (r)
I thought that the Americans had made their position unequivocably
clear, that that there had to be a non military solution, no military
government, genuine dialogue, reconciliation and recongition of the 1990
election results.
all the banking business and credits and loans, and carrots for
membership into the world community of civilised nations does not give
room for the dictators to hold power.
There can be no World Bank deal short of an agreement to recognize the
democracy of 1988 and 1990, and for the generals to pack up and go or at
best participate in an internationally recognized transitional phase of
handing over power to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and the elected members of
parliment.
Isnt that much obvious?
ds
Julien Moe wrote:
>
> Burma Needs Political Reforms
> By Julien Moe 15th November
>
> Burma's generals have been told by the World Bank that the former must
> perform major political and human rights reforms to be back on track
> financially. The report was handed over into the hands of the generals on a
> confidential basis. The report was also given to Opposition Leader Aung San
> Suu Kyi. The action was an initiative of the World Bank to diffuse the
> political gridlock between the military junta and NLD, the democtatically
> elected opposition party. The report was delivered by UN Assistant
> Secretary General Alvaro De Soto.
> Source:World Bank
>
>
>
> LOW INCOME
> I. Overall Performance:
> GNP per capita (US$) 1995
> $388
>
> 49*
> Average Annual Growth of GNP per capita (%) 1970-1995
> 0.19%
>
> 38*
> Standard Deviation of Income Distribution
> 16.51
>
> 26*
>
> II. Macro and Market Dynamism
>
> Investment and Productivity Growth
> Gross Domestic Investment (% of GDP) 1995
> 19.68%
>
> 47*
> Average Annual growth of Gross Domestic Investment (%)
> 1990-1995
> 4.45%
>
> 41*
> Private Investment (% of Gross Domestic Fixed Investment)
> 1995
> 46.29%
>
> 14*
> Net Foreign Direct Investment FDI (% of GDP) 1995
> 1.26%
>
> 49*
> Average Annual Difference in Net FDI (%) 1980-82 to 1990-92
> -0.64%
>
> 36*
> Average Annual Growth of Real GDP per worker (%) 1980-90
> -0.11%
>
> 39*
>
> Overall Trade Dimensions
> Trade Surplus/Deficit (% of GDP) 1994
> -14.0%
>
> 46*
> Export Share of World Trade (%) 1994
> 0.0796%
>
> 46*
> Average Annual Growth in Export Share (%) 1989-95
> N/A
>
> N/A*
> Export Concentration Index 1992
> 0.43
>
> 27*
> Percent Change in Export Concentration Index (%) 1988-92
> 1.116%
>
> 45*
>
> Export Competitiveness
> Average Annual Nominal Export Growth (%) 88-89 to 93-94
> 4.8%
>
> 44*
> Export Growth from World Demand (%) 88-89 to 93-94
> 5.1%
>
> 44*
> Export Growth from Market Share (%) 88-89 to 93-94
> -1.3%
>
> 44*
> Export Growth from Market Diversification (%) 88-89 to 93-94
> 1.1%
>
> 44*
>
> Export Structure
> Manufactured Exports (% of total exports) 1993
> 27.97%
>
> 34*
> Percent Change in Share of Manufactured Exports (%)1980-93
> 174.70%
>
> 31*
> High Tech. Exports (% of manufactured exports) 1995
> 11.25%
>
> 12*
>
> Trade Policy
> Mean Tariff (%) 1990-93
> 25.7%
>
> 29*
> Standard Deviation of Tariff Rates (%) 1990-93
> 15.8%
>
> 23*
> Percent of Products covered by Non-Tariff Barriers (%)
> 1990-93
> 33.5%
>
> 20*
>
> Government Involvement in the Economy
> Government Consumption (% of GDP) 1995
> 13.0%
>
> 46*
> Average Annual Growth of Government Consumption (%)
> 1990-95
> -1.0%
>
> 39*
> Value Added of State Owned Enterprises SOE (% of GDP)
> 1986-91
> 11.2%
>
> 22*
> SOE's Investment (% of Gross Domestic Fixed Investment)
> 1986-91
> 26.0%
>
> 21*
> Government Surplus/Deficit (% of GDP) 1994
> -3.8%
>
> 17*
>
> III. Financial Dynamism
> Net Present Value of External Debt (% GDP) 1995
> 85.5%
>
> 49*
> Growth in Total External Debt (%) 1980-94
> 267.3%
>
> 36*
> Average Outstanding Money M2 (% of GDP) 1995
> 27.2%
>
> 43*
> Average Annual Growth Rate of GDP Deflator (%) 1990-95
> 119.208%
>
> 48*
> Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) 1995
> 15.94%
>
> 44*
> Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) 1995
> 14.8%
>
> 14*
> Real Interest Rate (%) 1995
> -3.1%
>
> 28*
>
> IV. Infrastructure & Investment Climate
>
> Information and Communication Network
> Phone Lines (Number per 1000 people) 1995
> 17.2
>
> 50*
> Phone Faults (Number per 100 lines) 1992
> 59.3
>
> 50*
> Waiting Time for a Line (Years) 1994
> 5.31
>
> 50*
> Average Price per Call (US$ per 3 minutes call) 1995
> $11.60
>
> 37*
> Televisions (Number per 1000 people) 1995
> 65.1
>
> 50*
> Internet Hosts (Number per 1000 people) 1996
> 0.1
>
> 36*
> Personal Computers (Number per 1000 people) 1995
> 1.6
>
> 16*
> Fax Machines (Number per 1000 people) 1995
> 0.3
>
> 36*
> Newspaper Circulation (Number of newpapers per 1000
> people) 1992
> 9.8
>
> 50*
>
> Physical Infrastructure
> Paved Road Density (Km of paved road per million people)
> 1995
> 769.0
>
> 49*
> Air City Pairs 1996
> 49.7
>
> 50*
> Electric Power System Losses (% of total power output) 1994
> 16.1%
>
> 31*
>
> Socio-Political Stability
> Corruption Index 1996
> 2.45
>
> 6*
> Organized Labor (% Labor Force) 1992
> 26.74%
>
> 29*
>
> V. Human and Intellectual Capital
>
> Human Capital
> Literacy Rate (%) 1995
> 53.9%
>
> 41*
> Growth in Literacy Rate 1970-95
> 120.6%
>
> 30*
> Primary School Enroll. (% of school-aged children) 1993
> 80.9%
>
> 41*
> Secondary School Enroll. (% of school-aged children) 1993
> 29.5%
>
> 39*
> Tertiary School Enroll. (% of school-aged children) 1993
> 7.9%
>
> 28*
> Secondary Technical Enroll. (% sec.enroll.) Average 1988-91
> 7.5%
>
> 38*
> Life Expectancy at Birth (Years) 1994
> 54.6
>
> 50*
> Growth in Life Expectancy (%) 1960-94
> 28.7%
>
> 50*
>
> Intellectual Capital
> Science Graduates (% total graduates) Average 1988-90
> 15.960%
>
> 50*
> Scientists & technicians (Number per 1000 people) 1988-91
> 0.4
>
> 14*
> Average Research & Development Expenditures (% of GNP)
> 81-92
> 0.4%
>
> 10*
> Patent Applications 1995
> 9336
>
> 28*
> Patents granted 1995
> 255
>
> 28*
>
> * Number of Observations from which average was computed
> Contact Business Environment Group