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CRPP REPORT page 65-72
pmrsufESm(65-72)
pmtkyfESifhpma&;ud&d,mvkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifh ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@rsm;rSvnf;
aps;}uD;aom pmtkyf/ pma&;ud&d,mrsm;udk r,lrae&a&mif;ae=u.?
vlwkdif;twGuf rlvwef; ynmudk tcrJhoif=um;Ekdif&ef jyXmef;xm;aomfvnf;/
ausmif;om;topfausmif;0ifv#ifodk@r[kwf ausmif;wpfausmif;rS wpfausmif;odk@
ajymif;vsif ausmif;xGufa=u;vnf;ay;&+yD;/ ausmif;0ifa=u; vnf;ay&.?
ausmif;0ifa=u;rSm òrd@}uD;rsm;. emrnf}uD;ausmif;rsm;wGif aomif;*%ef;rS
odef;*%ef;txday;aqmif&+yD;/ òrd@qifajczHk;&yfuGufausmif;rsm;ESifh
aus;vufa'o&Sdausmif;rsm;wGif wpfausmif;ESifhwpfausmif;
ausmif;0ifa=u;tenf;trsm;tvkdufuGmjcm;=uonf? ausmif;0ifv#if rdrduav;xkdifzdk@
pmyGJ/ ukvm;xkdifrsm;udkvnf;0,f,lvSL'gef;=u&onf? ausmif;oHk;ypPnf;/
rD;acsmif;/ ausmif;jyifqifp&dwf ponfwdk@udk vnf; yg0ifvSL'gef;=u&onf?
ausmif;taqmiftOD;rsm;/ wdk;wufaqmufvkyf&mrSmvnf;/ yg0ifulnD&ao;onf?
Oyrm-ausmif;taqmuftOD; wpfaqmiftwGuf ukefusp&dwfudk odef; 200cef@rSef;xm;v#if
ynma&;Xmeu odef; 20cef@axmufyHh+yD; usefodef; 180rSm ausmif;tkyf}uD;ESifh
ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@/ q&mrdbtoif;uwm0ef,lóud;pm;jznfhqnf;=u&onf?
o'<gw&m;jyXmef;I vSL'gef;=uolrsm;&SdouJhodk@ cGJwrf;t& ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS
o'<ga=u;aumufcH&jcif;rsm;vnf;&Sdayonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;0wfqif&aom ausmif;wlnD0wfpHkaps;rSmvnf;jrifhrm;vSygonf?
ausmif;pdrf;a&mif abmif;bD/ ykqdk;/ xrDESifh tusFDjzL wpfrsdK;. wefzdkd;rSm
usyf 500-600cef@ukefusrnf? tvJtvS,f0wf&ef tenf;qHk; ESpfpHkr# &Sd&ayrnf?
usyf2000rS 4000usyfcef@ukefusrnf? ausmif;0wfpHkwpfpHkrdk;a&pdkoGm;ojzifh
vJvS,f&ef r&Sdawmhojzifh ausmif;rwwfEkdifawmha=umif;od&onf?
tvkyform; 0ef}uD;XmeESifh UNICEFwdk@ yl;wGJ avhvmokawoeðyr_wGif ausmif;ynmY
pdwfr0ifpm;olrsm;rSm 15.7µ&Sdonf[kqkd.? xdk 15.7µonf
&efukefwkdif;awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,f/ v_difom,mòrd@e,fESifh rEWav;wkdif;/
csrf;jrompnfòrd@e,fESifhjynf}uD;wHcGefòrd@e,frsm;udkom udk,fpm;ðyonf? tjcm;aom
wkdif;ESifhjynfe,frsm;udk udk,fpm;rðyEkdifyg? azmfjyygòrd@e,fav;ckonf
pD;yGm;a&;t& ?aps;?udkom tajcðyaompD;yGm;a&;jzpf+yD;??v,f,mudk
tajcðyaompD;yGm;a&;r[kwfay? jynfe,f§wkdif;rsm;rS
okawoeðyqef;ppfrsm;&,lEkdifv#if ausmif;ynmudkpdwfr0ifpm;olrSm
15.7xufyifykdrdkrsm;jym;rnf[k cef@rSef;&onf?
ausmif;ynma&;udk pdwfr0ifpm;&jcif;rSm ynma&;pepfa=umifhjzpfonf[k qkd=uonf?
rdbrsm;onfom;orD;rsm;udk ynmwwfjzpfapvdkonfrSm oHo,jzpfzG,fr&Sdyg? odk@aomf
vuf&Sdynma&;pepf/ pD;yGm;a&;pepfa=umifh ynmwwfrsm;twGuf ae&mr&Sdjzpfae&ojzifh
pmwwfvnf; bmrS jzpfrvm? q,fwef;atmifvnf;bmr#oHk;r&? &kd;&kd;bGJ@&vnf;
bmtvkyfrSr& [laom tawG;tac:rsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhrdbrsm;Y jzpfay:vm=uonf?
ausmif;rS oif=um;aom ynm&yfrsm;onf vufawG@b0ESifh qufpyfaer_rsm;r&Sdojzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;tm;qGJaqmifEkdifjcif;r&Sdyg? Tae&mY tdENd,ynma&;pepfonf
vufawG@b0udk pyf[yfxm;Ekdifojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;qGJaqmifr_ðyEkdifonf[k
okawoeðyolrsm;u csD;usL;xm;onfudk awG@&.? oif=um;yHkenf;pepfrsm;udkvnf;
acwfrDvmap&ef vdktyfa=umif; awG@&Sd&onf?
ausmif;om;oli,frsm;onf ausmif;ynma&;Y pdwfr0ifpm;bJ rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;/
0ifaiG&&Sda&;twGuf wwfpGrf;or# yg0ifulnDvm=u&onf? rlvwef;t&G,f
uav;oli,frsm;yifv#if rkef@yJGoGm;&nfpm a&mif;jcif;/
tpm;taomufxkwfvkyfr_vkyfief;Y vkyf&jcif;/ pm;aomufqkdifrsm;Y
pm;yGJxdk;vkyf&jcif;/ tdrfazmftvkyfvkyf&jcif;? yvwfpwpf aumuf&jcif;/
rdbrsm;pD;yGm;&SmxGufojzifh tdrfY uav;xdef;&jcif;/ u|Jausmif;/ EGm;ausmif;
tvkyfvkyf&jcif;/ (EGm;ausmif;tvkyf wpfESpfpyg; 15wif;&onf[kqkd.?
)aqmifvkyfa&;Y
tkwfo,f/ oJo,f/ ausmufo,f tkyf=urf;vkyf&jcif;ponfwdk@jzpfonf? ynma&;xuf
0rf;a&;cufojzifh ynmoif&ef pdwfyg0ifpm;r_rsm; avsmhenf;vm=uonf?
rdbrsm;.pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk 0ifa&mufulnD&ojzifh ausmif;wufrrSefjcif;/
ausmif;ysufjcif; rsm;r=umc% jzpf&mrS pmvdkufrrSDjzpf+yD;/ ynma&;Y
pdwf0ifpm;r_avsmhenf;vm&jcif;jzpfonf? twef;usvm&jcif;jzpfonf? jrefrmEkdifiHY
rlvwef;ynm+yD;qHk;&ef ig;ESpfumvjzpfaomfvnf; + rlvwef;ynm+yD;qHk;&ef
12.2ESpfumv
=umwuf=uonf? Tta&twGufonf aus;vufa'oY 25µ&Sd+yD; òrd@ay: Y 22µ&Sdonf[k
tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmeESifh UNICEFwdk@. okawoeðyolwdk@uqdk=uonf?
ausmif;ynma&;Y ausmif;om;rsm; pdwf0ifpm;r_r&Sd&jcif; ta=umif;rsm;rSm
q&mrsm;onf
ausmif;wGif pmoif=um;a&;wm0efrsm;tjyif tjcm;jyifywm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif=u&ojzifh/
ausmif;rSefrSefrwufEkdif/ twef;rSefrSefr,lEkdif=ujcif;jzpfonf?
v#yfppfrD;r&jcif; odk@r[kwf r=umc%
tcsdef=umjrifhpGmv#yfppfrD;jywfawmufoGm;jcif;a=umifh a&eHqDrD;/
za&mif;wkdifrD;rsm; udkoHk;=u&onf? a&eHqDaps;/ za,mif;wkdifaps;}uD;ojzifh
uav;I,frsm; pmoiftHzwf=um;a&;ysufuGufvm&mrS tp ausmif;ynmudk
pdwf0ifpm;r_enf;vmjcif;jzpfonf[k tcsdK@ rdbrsm;u qkd=uonf?
ausmif;wnf&mt&yfrS a0vHaom t&yfY aeaom ausmif;om;uav;rsm;tzdk@ ausmif;ydk@
ausmif;óudtvkyfvkyf&ef rdbrsm;twGuf wm0ef}uD;wpf&yfvdk jzpfvm&onf?
ausmif;om;oli,frsm;uvnf; a0;vHaom ae&modk@ oGm;&ojzifh
yifyef;+yD;ausmif;oGm;jyif;vm&mrS ausmif;ynma&;Y pdwf0ifpm;r_enf;
vm&jcif;jzpfonf?
ausmif;q&mrsm;onf tjcm;aom 0efxrf;rsm;uJhodk@yif ukefaps;E_H;}uD;jrifhr_'%fudk
tvl;tvJcHae=u&onf? rdrdwdk@&&Sdaom 0ifaiGvpmrSm vHkavmufr_udk
ray;pGrf;Ekdifawmhyg? xdktcgrsm;aomtm;jzifh ausmif;q&m;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@ynmudk
t&if;tESD;jykI wpfzufwvrf;rS0ifaiG&&ef usL&Sifay;vm=u&onf? xkd@a=umifh
usL&Sifonf ,cktcgynma&; avmuY ay:yifvkyfief;wpf&yfjzpfvmawmhonf?
rlvwef;ausmif;om;uav;rsm;yif trsm;tm;jzifh usL&SifESifhrvGwfuif;=u/ q&mrsm;onf
usL&Sif,lausmif;om;rsm;vmavav ausmif;Y
ynmoif=um;a&;avsmhvsJvmavavjzpf+yD;/ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; usL&Sifudktm;udk;+yD;
ausmif;wufysufuGufjcif;/ ausmif;Y
ynmoif=um;r_Ypdwfr0ifpm;r_avsmhenf;vmjcif;wdk@udk awG@&Sdvmonf?
aus;vufa'oynma&;tajctaeESifhòrd@jya'oynma&;tajctaeuGm[r_ t=urf;tm;jzifh
avhvmod&SdEkdifonf? aus;vufESifhòrd@jy(qifajczHk;&yfuGufrsm;ryg)wdk@.
pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeuGm[r_a=umifh ynmifp&dwfudk òrd@jyaeolrsm;u
aus;vufaeolrsm;xuf
ydkrdk tukeftuscHEkdifojzifh òrd@jyrS uav;rsm;ykdrdk ynmoif=um;Ekdif=uonf?
òrd@jyaeolrsm;onf aus;vufaeolrsm;xuf A[kokwydkrsm;jym;onfu wpfa=umif;/
ajrykdifqkdifr_r&Sdonfu wpfa=umif;/ rdrdwdk@. om;orD;rsm;udk
ynma&;Ytm;ay;=uonf/
òrd@jyaeolrsm;. uav;rsm;/ ausmif;aepOfrSmyif/
aus;vufaeolrsm;uav;rsm;a&;wufzwf&Hkr#om oif=um;+yD;/
rdbv,f,mvkyfief;0ifa&mufvkyfudkifoGm;=uonf?
òrd@jyaeoluav;rsm; ausmif;oGm;&ef o,f,lykd@aqmifa&; ydkrdkvG,ful+yD;/
aus;vufaeoluav;rsm;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh a0;vHuGmvSrf;aom ausmif;odk@
(cufcufcJcJ)oGm;=u&onf?
òrd@jyaeoluav;rsm;ynma&;taxmuftuljzpf&ef usL&Sif,lEkdifaomfvnf;
aus;vufaeoluav;rsm;twGufynma&;taxmuftultjzpf usK&Sifr,lEkdif=u?
òrd@jyaeoluav;rsm;onf v#yfppfrD;&ojzifhoiftHhavhusifhcsdefykd&+yD;/
aus;vufaeoluav;rsm; v#yfppfrD;r&ojzifh oiftHhavhusifhcsdefykdI avsmhenf;onf?
a&eHqD/ za,mif;wkdif aps;}uD;I rwwfEkdif=uacs? Tonfwdk@rSm
òrd@jyaeuav;rsm;ESifh aus;vufaeuav;rsm;. ynma&;uGm[r_wpf&yfjzpfonf?
tykdif;(3)
rlvwef;ynmoif=um;a&;udk roifrae&jzpf+yD;/ vlwkdif;vlwkdif;tzdk@
tcrJhjzpfap&efESifh ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;rSefrSefwufEkdif&ef
tm;ay;csD;ajrmufI
ausmif;xGufE_H;rsm;avsmhenf;ap&efpDrHr_rsm;ðyvkyfaqmif&Guf&ef[laom
jyXmef;csufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef tjyKoabmaqmifonf t}uHOm%frsm;vdktyfavonf/
pmoifESpf/ (AY)twGif; ausmif;ac:csdef &ufaygif;(199)&uf[k
owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif;
jynfrD&ef txl;*&kðyaqmif&Gufoifhonf? ta=umif;ckdifvHkpGmr&SdbJ r=umc%
ausmif;ydwfjcif;rsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;&efjzpfonf?
ESpfpOfvlOD;a&wdk;E_H; 1.84ESifhwGufv#if ouU&mZf 2002ckESpfwGif ausmif;aernfh
5ESpft&G,f uav;i,faygif; 8odef;5aomif; cef@&Sdvmrnf? ,ckvuf&Sdausmif;tcsdK;/
ausmif;om; 1 ; 144udk yifrlwnfI wGufv#ifr=umawmhaomumvY ouU&mZf 2002ckESpfwGif
vlvwef;ausmif;aygif; 6000cef@vdktyfrnfjzpf+yD; ,cktcsdefrS pwifI
jyifqifoifhonf? ,ckvuf&Sd 1; 144tcsdK;onf
wpfEkdifiHvHk;tay:wGufcsufxm;aomfvnf;
vlaexlxyfonfht&yfa'oY ausmif;wpfausmif;v#if400rS (700)txd &Sdwuf=uojzifh
rlvwef;ausmif;rsm; xyfzGifh&efvdktyfygonf? }uD;us,fcef;em;aom
ausmif;tckdiftcHh}uD;rsm;r&&SdEkdifvsif ausmif;wpfausmif;.
tenf;qHk;pHudkufausmif;rsm;vdktyfygonf? ausmif;wpfausmif;wnfaqmuf&efae&mrSm
uav;i,frsm;twGuf touftEW&m,fuif;onfh ae&m/ xdckdufr_tEW&m,fuif;onfhae&m/
a&r0yfonfhae&mjzpf&rnf? uav;upm;uGif;&Sd&rnf? taqmuftOD;taejzifh trdk;/ tum/
tcif;&Sd&rnf? tvif;a&mifaumif;pGm&Sd&rnf? av0ifavxGufaumif;&rnf? aomufa&/
oHk;a&/ a&aumif;a&oef@&&Sdonfhae&mjzpf&rnf? oef@jyef@aom ,ifvHktdrfom&Sd&rnf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif (5-14)ESpft&G,f uav;oli,frsm;ausmif;xGufE_H; (drop-out
rate)onf 34µjzpfa=umif;awG&Sd&onf? xdkteufrS ausmif;p&dwfrwwfEkdifI
ausmif;xGufvdkuf&ol 57µ&Sda=umif;awG@&Sd&onf? tu,fI ausmif;p&dwf}uD;I
ausmif;rwwfEkdifI q&mrdboif;uJhokd@ausmif;tkyfcsKyftzGJ@u qif;&JEGrf;yg;ol
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ulnDajz&Sif;oifhonf? ausmif;p&dwfrwwfEkdifI
ausmif;rwwfEkdifjcif;onf tjcm;aom pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&mudpPa=umifh
jzpfonf[kqkdv#if ynma&;qkdif&m tpDtpOfrsm;udk avsmhayghðyjyifoifhonf[k
tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmeESifh UNICEF okawoeðyolrsm;u t}uHðyxm;=uonf?
r&Sdqif;&J EGrf;yg;aomolrsm;twGuf pmtkyfrsm;/
pma&;ud&d,mrsm;ESifhjzpfEkdifv#if
wlnD0wfpHkrsm;udkyg tcrJh axmufyHhoifhonf? Todk@aom uav;rsm;tay:
ausmif;0ifa=u;/ q&mrdbESpfpOfa=u; ausmif;jy/ ausmif;aqmuf pm;&dwfrsm;rS tp
aumufcHjcif;rðytyfay?
ausmif;wnf&Sd&m t&yfokd@ a0;vHaom ae&yfrSvm&jcif;/ oGm;vm&efcufcJaom t&yfrS
vm&jcif;paomjy\emrsm;ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfEkdif&Ef pDpOfjcif;ponfwdk@aqmif&Gufoihfonf? oufomaomE_H;jzifh pufbD;rsm;
a&mif;csay;jcif;/ oufomaomE_H;xm;rsm;jzifh bwfpfum;/ &xm;pD;cGifh&apjcif;?
0rf;r0aomuav;rsm;onf pmoif=um;em,lrSwfom;Ekdifr_ tm;enf;a=umif;awG@&Sd&ojzifh
uav;i,frsm;tm; ausmif;Y tpm;tpmau|;arG;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufoifhonf?
ausmif;Y ynmudk pdwfr0ifpm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf E_wfr_ynm/ vufr_ynmESifh
pufr_ynm&yfrsm;udk oif=um;ykd@csay;oifhonf?
rdbrsm;. rdom;pk0ifaiGtwGuf wpfzufwpfvrf;rS yg0ifulnD&aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
ynma&;tqufjywfroGm;ap&ef naeausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfoifhonf?
odk@r[kwf(2)csdefausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfoihfonf?
,cifzqyvcwfu/ &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd AGNES CONVENT ausmif;rsm; (Oyrm-uavmòrd@e,f/
ESifhtjcm;ausmif;rsm;)onf aqmif;&moDwGif &uf&Snfausmif;ydwf+yD;/ aEG&moDwGif
&ufwdkausmif;ydwfonf? tvm;wlyif v,f,mpkdufysdK;a&;udk tajccHxm;&aom
òrd@e,frsm;Y vkyfief;cGifhulnDEkdifa&;ESifh uav;oli,frsm; ynma&;rysufap&ef
aumufpkdufcsdef/ aumuf&dwfcsdefrsm;Y a'otvdkuf oD;jcm;cGJI ausmif;ydwfcsdef/
ausmif;zGifhcsdefrsm;udk pDpOfay;oifhonf?
ausmif;om;rsm;ynmoif=um;r_udk pdwfyg0ifpm;ap&ef/ oif=um;r_qkdif&m
taxmuftulðyypPnf;rsm;udk tvHktavmufay;xm;oifhonf?
ausmif;q&mrsm;/ ausmif;tcsdefrDausmif;wufEkdif&ef/ pufbD;uJhodk@,mOfrsm;udk
axmufyhHoifhonf? ausmif;aqmufv#if ausmif;q&mrsm;twGuf tdrf&mrsm;udkyg
aqmufvkyfoifhonf? odk@r[kwf rdrdwdk@ausmif;ESifheD;pyf&mt&yfY aexkdif&ef
tdrfiSm;p&dwfrsm;udk axmufyHhoifhonf?
ausmif;q&mrsm;acwfrDwdk;wufap&ef q&mrsm;. oif=um;r_qkdif&maqG;aEG;yGJ( WORK
SHOP)tjcm;acwfrDEkdifiHrsm;rS q&mrsm;tm;csif;csif; zvS,fyGJrsm;ðyvkyfoifhonf?
EkdifiH&yfjcm;odk@vnf; tajrmuftjrm;oGm;a&mufavhvmoifhonf? aus;vufrsm;ESifh
jynfwGif;oGm;vma&;cufcJaoma'oY wm0efxrf;aqmifae&aom q&mrsm;tm;
txl;csD;jr?ifhoihfonf?
A[kokwt=um;tjrifrsm;aom q&m§q&mrrsm;. wynfhrsm;onf ausmif;cef;wGif
pmoiftHavhvm&mwGif ysif&djcif;r&SdbJ wufºuGxufjruf=ua=umif;od&Sd&onf?
ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh ydae=uojzifh q&m/ q&mrrsm;onf tjcm;pmayrsm;zwf±_jcif;
A[kokw&SmazGjcif;rsm; rðyvkyfEkdif=uacs? xdk@a=umifh q&m/ q&mrrsm;
pm=unfhwkdufoGm;Ekdif&ef A[kokw&SmazGEkdif&ef pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;oifhonf?
1999ck/ EkdifiHawmf b¾aiGt&oHk;Oya'Y wyfrawmf. omrefoHk;aiGESifh
aiGvHk;aiG&if;oHk;aiGrsm;onf 0ef}uD;XmeESifhOD;pD;Xmersm;tm;vHk;aygif;oHk;aiG.
40µ&Sda=umif;awG@&Sd&onf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tenf;i,fr#aom vufeufudkifaomif;usefoltzGJ@rS vGJI
useftzGJ@rsm;tm;vHk;ESifh+idrfcsrf;a&;&,lxm;+yD;+yD[kqkdv#if tb,fa=umifh
umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwfonf EkdifiHawmf. b¾maiG 40µudk oHk;ae&ygoenf;[k
ar;cGef;xkwfp&mjzpfonf?
jrefrmEkdifiH. ynma&;qkdif&mudpPrsm;wGif omreftoHk;aiGY 14.1µxufvnf;aumif;/
aiGvHk;aiG&if;toHk;wGif 7.7µxufvnf;aumif; ydkIoHk;oifhonf?
tjcm;aom ae&mrsm;rS jrefrmEkdifiHynma&;twGuf tultnDtaxmuftyHhrsm;&&Sdonfhtcg
rlvowfrSwfxm;aom ynma&;qkdif&m b¾aiGtoHk;rsm;udk rjzwfawmuf&ef
txl;vdktyfygonf?
xdkodk@ay;tyfaom tultnDrsm;rSm rlvb¾aiG taxmuftyHhESifhwuG
ydkrdkoHk;pGJEkdif&ef ay;jcif;jzpfa=umif; owdðytyfonf?
? 1993ckESpfaemufydkif;Y jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ae@uav;xdef;Xmersm;ESifh
rlvwef;óudausmif;)rsm;pGmay:aygufvmcJhonf? ae@uav;xdef;Xmeaygif;634XmeESifh
rlóud 52ausmif;&Sda=umif;od&.?xdkXmersm;wGif toufoHk;ESpfrS ig;ESpftxd
uav;oli,frsm;udkomvufcH+yD;/
oHk;ESpfatmuf uav;oli,frsm;twGuf uav;xdef;Xmersm;r&Sdao;ay?
? Union of Myanmar, education for all EFA year 2000 assessment (page-16)
uav;xdef;Xmersm;udk rlóudtjzpfowfrSwfI r&Ekdifyg? ta=umif;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh
xdkXmersm;wGif u|rf;usifr_oifwef;qif;r[kwfaom q&mrrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;jzifh
zGifhxm;=uonf? oli,fwef;oif&kd;rsm;udk óudwifoif=um;aeonf? usef;rma&;/
t[m&jynfh0a&;/ ywf0ef;usifESifhxdawG@qufqHa&; (Phychosocial
Care)Ekd;=um;wufºuGa&; Stimulationwdk@r&Sda=umif;avhvmawG@&Sd&onf?
Eke,fi,f&G,faomuav;b0wGif um,Av/ Om%Av/ rdwWAv/
pdwWAv(Emotional)rsm;zGHhòzd;wdk;wuf&ef oifwef;rsm;ESifh
taxmuftyHhrsm;ay;oifhonf?
oli,fwef;oif&kd;rsm;wGifvnf; pmoifESpf
(ausmif;ac:csdef)ESifhvdkufavsmnDaxGr_&&Sda&;/
pmppfyHkpHrsm;wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;rsm;udk nd?E_dif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf?
oif=um;r_onf oif,lr_tay:}uD;rm;aom 0efxkwf0efykd;tjzpf ydraeoifhay?
touft&G,ftvkduf/ twef;tvdkuf tjrifhrm;qHk;wwfajrmufEkdifr_xuf tenf;qHk;tqifh
wwfoifhonfhtajctaersm;udk owfrSwf&ef oifhroifhudk ynm&Sifrsm;
nd?E_dif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf?
Úrlvwef;ynmt&nftcsif;jrifhrm;wkd;wufa&;twGuf 1991§1992rS pI
òrd@e,foHk;òrd@e,f/
ausmif;aygif; 44ausmif;rS tpðyI usifhoHk;cJhaom pOfqufrjywftuJcwfynma&;pepf
?Continuous Assessment and Progression System(CAPS)?[k 1999ck/ arvxkwf
Union of
Myanmar Education for all the Years 2000 Assessment wGifqdkxm;.?
Ttqkdukd tajcwif aqG;aEG;&efrsm;pGmvkdtyf.? tcsdefraESmif;rDaqmvsifpGm
aqG;aEG;&efvnf;vdk.? Tae&mwGif ar;cGef;rsm;ar;&efjzpfvmygonf?
ÚUnion of Myanmar, Education for All EFA Year 2000 Assessment (page-16)
(CAPS)onf pmar;yGJusjcif;/ Repetition r&Sdap&ef &nf&G,fonfqkdv#if owfrSwfaom
twef;wpfwef;wGif owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;tenf;qHk;tqifhudkyif rrDaom
ausmif;om;wa,muftm; twef;wifay;xkdufyg.avm?
xkdodk@r[kwfyg[kqdkvsif vlOD;a&xlxyfaoma'o/ ausmif;om;rsm;aomausmif; (Oyrm/
&efukefòrd@rS TTC)Y q&mwpfOD;onf ausmif;om; 60-70&Sdaom twef;rS
ausmif;om;wpfOD;csif;pD. t&nftaoG;udk rnfodk@ pOfqufrjywftuJcwfI
rSwfwrf;wifEkdifygrnfenf;?
(CAPS)onf ausmif;xGufE_H;rsm;jcif;/ Drop-out Rates rsm;usqif;oGm;&ef
&nf&G,fonf[k qkdvsif 1991§92pwifcJhaom (CAPS Project
)pDrHudef;0ifausmif;rsm;rS
ausmif;xGufE_H;rsm;udk rnfodk@ avhvmawG@&SdcJhygoenf;?
Drop-out ausmif;xGuf&jcif;rsm;onf Direct Cost wkduf&kdufwefzdk;(Oyrm
ausmif;p&dwf}uD;I ausmif;raeEkdifjcif;)oG,f0kdufwefzdk;(Oyrm
0ifaiG&&Sd&eftvkyfvkyf&ojzifh ausmif;raeEkdifjcif;)wdk@jzpfv#if CAPS onf
rnfodk@ðyjyifaqmif&GufEkdifygoenf;?
rnfodk@yifjzpfap pOfqufrjywftuJcwfynma&;pepfpDrHcsuf (CAPS Project)onf
ausmif;rsm;t&nftwGufa&m t&nftcsif;ygwdk;wufapvsif (CAPS Project)udk
taumiftxnfazmfae&aomolESifhvkyfief;rsm;udk pOfqufrjywftuJcwfonfh (CAPS for
CAPS)pepfrsm;vnf;vdktyfygonf? q&mtcsdK;ausmif;om;udkvnf; aumif;rGefaom
trsdK;tpm;&&Sd&ef t&nftcsif;jynfh0aomq&mrsm;udk wdk;wufcef@xm;&efvdkygonf?
rdrdaumif;rGefpGmtouf&Sifaexkdifa&;twGufvnf;aumif;/
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tcsuftvufjynfhpHkpGmjzifh qHk;jzwfcsuftwGufvnf;aumif;/
qufvufIynmoif=um;Ekdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif; vlom;onf ynmoif=um;vdktyfvSayonf?
ed*Hk;
wkdif;jynfwpfjynfwdk;wufzGH@òzd;ap&efvnf;ynm&Sifrsm; &Sdzdk@vdkonf?
ynmjrihfrSvlrsdK;wifhrnf[lI[pfaºuG;ae±Hkr#jzifh r+yD;ao;/ ,ckacwfynma&;pepfrSm
a&G;tdk;&SdrS ynm& [laom ynma&;pepfjzpfonf? ynmwef;zdk;um;}uD;rm;vSayonf?
pD;yGm;a&;=uyfwnf;aer_/ ukefaps;E_H;}uD;rm;aer_rsm;onf ausmifom;t&G,f
uav;oli,fwdk@ausmif;ESifha0;cJh&aom ta=umif;t&if;rsm;jzpfa=umif; / Tpmwrf;rS
avhvmod&Sd+yD;jzpfonf? EkdifiHa&;wnf+idrfr_r&SdbJ ppfrSefaom
jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; r&SdbJ ynma&;Y b¾maiGrsm;oHk;pGJEkdif=uOD;rnfr[kwf?
ulnDaxmufyHholrsm;uvnf; rdrdwdk@. tvSL'gersm;tv[\jzpfrnfpdk;I
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jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf 'Drkdua&pD onf r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfa=umif;ESifh
tjrefqHk;&&Sdvdktyfa=umif;wifjytyfygonf?
tcef;(5)
1990jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrS wifajr?mufvkdufaom
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfh aumfrwD
(jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD)rS
usef;rma&;ESifhvlr_a&;qkdif&m aumfrwD.
tpD&ifcHpm
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfwDokd@ vlr_a&;udpPESifh pyfvsOf;I tpdk;&.
aq;&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;cef;rsm;/ aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;/ rdcifESifh
uav;usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif tedrhfqHk;pH owfrSwfjcif;?
pmwrf;rl=urf;wifjyjcif;
1? rsufarSmufppftpdk;&acwfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH. orkdif;wavsmufY rnfonfhtcgurS
róuHcJhaom usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/ vlr_a&;b0qdk;}uD;udk wkdif;&if;om;vltrsm;onf
&ifqkdifae=u&ygonf?
txl;ojzifh 1985ckESpfaemufykdif;wGif tpdk;&. usrf;rma&;u¾twGufoHk;pGJcJhaom/
b¾maiGonf odompGmusqif;vmcJhygonf? vlwpfOD;csif;/ usef;rma&;u¾twGuf oHk;aiGonf
1985ckESpfwGif (18.7)usyfaiG&SdcJh&mrS 1996ckESpfwGif (6.9)usyfaiGodk@
usqif;cJhygonf? usef;rma&;vkyfief;vG,fulacsmarG@aprnfh taxGaxG
taxmuftyHhrsm;onf tvGeftrif; csdK@iJhaeonf? aqmif&Gufay;r_t&nftaoG;rSmvnf;
odompGm,dk,Gif;,kwfavsmhygonf? tpdk;&. aqmif&Gufr_ay;a&;0efxrf;rsm;
tenf;i,fom&Sdygonf? 1993ckESpfwjynfvHk;wGif aus;&Gm (95238)&Sdonfhteuf
aus;vufaq;ay;cef;ESifh aq;ay;cef;cGJ pkpkaygif; (6974)om&Sdygonf?
10&mckdifE_H;(odk@r[kwf)471&GmrS aq;cef;wpfckom&Sdonf? (1998ckESpf/ vlpGrf;tm;
zGH@òzd;r_tnGef;udef;rsm; vufpGJpmtkyft&)
(5)ESpfatmufuav;oli,frsm; aoqHk;r_wGif t[m&csdK@wJhr_a=umifh(49.3)&mckdifE_H;/
iSufzsm;a&m*ga=umifh (20)&mckdifE_H;/ av±_acsmif;usyfwnf;r_a&m*ga=umifh
(26)&mckdifE_H;/ 0rf;av#mha&m*ga=umifh (15)&mckdifE_H;/
0ufoufa&m*g(2)&mckdifE_H;/ tjcm;a&m*grsm;a=umifh (37)&mckdifE_H;&Sdonf?
rD;wGif;aoqHk;E_H;onf 1980ckESpfwGif vlwpfodef;vsif 580/
1994ckESpfwGifvlwpfodef;vsif 232ESifhaemufykdif;vlwpfodef;wGif òrd@ay:wGif
100aoqHk;+yD; aus;vufwGif 180aoqHk;aeonf[k od&Sd&onf?
,ae@jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqkd;0g;qHk;a&m*gonf iSufzsm;a&m*gjzpfaeygonf?
?if;iSufzsm;a&m*gonf vltajrmuftrsm;aoaponfh ta=umif;wpf&ufjzpfaeygonf?
aq;±kHrsm;wGif wufa&muf=u&onfh vlemrsm;teuf
iSufzsm;a&m*gvlemrsm;(20)&mckdifE_H;&Sdygonf?
1991ckESpfwGifiSufzsm;a&m*gvlemOD;a&(1)oef;udk jyifyvlemtjzpfukocJh&ygonf?
(152000)aoma&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;udk aq;&kHwifukocJhygonf? aq;&kHwGif
aoqHk;cJh=uonfh vlemrsm;xJwGif (22)&mckdifE_H;onf
iSufzsm;a&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;jzpfygonf? iSufzsm;a&m*gxufydkrdkI
a=umuf&GH@xdyfvef@zG,faumif;aom (AIDS)/(HIV)ac:urBmay:wGif tqdk;qHk;aom
a&m*gonf
vGefcJhaom (5)ESpfcef@uyif jrefrmjynfwGif
a&muf&SdcJhI,ae@jrefrmEkdifiHtESH@tjym; jyef@ESH@aeonf[k od&Sd&onf?
aemif(2)ESpfcef@wGifjrefrmjynfwGif tmz&duEkdifiHrsm;uJhodk@ Ta&m*gqdk;}uD;.
tEW&m,fudk &ifqkdif=u&vdrhfrnf[k(WHO)óudwifowday;csufudk &&Sd+yD;jzpfygonf?
xkd@twl (TB)a&m*g&Sifrsm; wkd;wufvmaea=umif;udk od&Sdvm&onfESifhtr#
tajctaeqdk;0g;vmrDóudwifI wm;qD;&ygrnf? vuf&SdtajcwGif tpdk;&.
usef;rma&;tpDtpOfudk cHpm;Ekdifolrsm;rSm wjynfvHk;wGif (60)&mE_H;jzpf+yD;/
aus;vufaevlxkrSm (47)&mE_H;jzpfonf?
a&aumif;udkoHk;pGJEkdifolwjynfvHk;wGif (60)&mckdifE_H;jzpf+yD; aus;&GmvlxkrS
(50)&mckdifE_H;omcHpm;&onf?
vHkavmufaom oef@&Sif;r_udk &EkdifolwjynfvHk;wGif (43)&mE_H;jzpf+yD;/
aus;&GmvlxkrSm (36)&mE_H;jzpfonf?
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