[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index ][Thread Index ]

NLD Labour report submitted to 1997 (r)



Subject: NLD Labour report submitted to 1997 May conference 


trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf
A[kfdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh

tvkyform;a&;&mvkyfief;rsm;qkdif&m tpD&ifcHpm

ed'gef;

	1? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf 1988ck/ pufwifbmv 
27&ufaehrSpwif zGJhpnf;wnfaxmifcJhjyD;onfhaemuf 
vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJhtpnf;rsm; zGJhpnf;aqmif&Guf&ef 
&nfrSef;csufxm;&Sdonfhtavsuf 1989ckESpf tpykdif;rSpwifI 
awmifolv,form;vkyfief;tzJGh/ wwfodynm&Sifrsm;tzGJh/ 
ukefoG,fpD;yGg;tzJGh/ tvkyform;vkyfief;tzJGhrsm;ukd 
zJGhpnf;ay;cJhygonf?
	2? A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzJGhukfd 1989ck/ rwfv 
26&ufaehaehpJGygpmjzifh atmufyg
yk*~Kvfrsm;yg0ifvsuf zJGhpnf;cJhygonf? 
		OD;pdef0if;			OuUX
		OD;oef;xGef;
		OD;aomif;}unf
		OD;cifarmif}unf
		OD;armifukd
		OD;wifhvGif
		a':pef;pef;		twGif;a&;rSk;
	3? tqkdygvkyfief;tzJGhonf zGhJpnf;onfrSpwifI 
jynfolhvGSwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrpwifrSD 1990ck/ 
arvtxdvSkyf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJh&m atmufygudpP7yfrsm;rSm 
xif&Sm;onfhaqmif&Gufcsufrsm; jzpfygonf?
		(u) 1989ckESpf arv (1)&ufaeh urBhtvkyform;aehwGif 
tvkyform;aeh 
			a}ujimpmwef; o0%fvGSmukfd 
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyfrS usif;yaom 			
	tvkyform;aeh tcrf;tem;wGif wifoGif;zwf}um;jcif;?
(c)  1989ck ZGefvwGifusif;yaom EkdifiHwumtvkyform;a&;&mnDvmcHokdh 
				wufa&mufrnfh 
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtvkyform;xkukdudk,f 			
	pm; jyKhkonfqkdonfh tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,fonf jrefrmEkdifiHY " 
tkdif/ 			t,fvf/ tkd jyXmef;csuf 87" 
ukfdvufcHxm;aomfvnf; usifhokH;jcif;r&Sdojzifh 			
tvkyform;tpnf;t&kH;wnfaxmifcGifhrjyKhbJ tpnf;t&kH;vkH;0r&SdkI 	
			tvkyform;ukd,fpm;jyKh 
ukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfa}umif;ukd tkdift,fvf tkd okdh 		
	uefhuGufpmykdhcJhygonf?
		(*) 1990 ckESpf ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif 
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pFtzGJhcsKyf. 					
rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;rl}urf;Y atmufygtwkdif; tvkyform;a&;&m rl0g' 	
			oabmw&m;rsm;ukd  xnfhkoGif;az:jyxm;ygonf?
			(1) tvkyform;or*~/ 0efxrf;or*~wkdhonf 
'Drkdua&pDpHepfwGif 						
cGJjcrf;jypfy,fIr&aom t*gF&yfrsm;jzpfonf[kh 			
				usGEkfyfwkdhrSwf,lvufcHcJhonf? 
xkdor*~rsm;onf 							
ygwDekdifiHa&;uif;&Sif;aom vGwfvyfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;tjzpf 
				&yfwnfoGm;&rnf[kh usGEkfyfwkdh 
,kH}unfonf?
			(2) or*~rsm;onf rdrdwkdh. w&m;rsSwaom 
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd w&m;Oya' 					
abmiftwGif;rS ta&;qkdykdifqkdifcGifh &Sddap&rnf?
			(3) tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;wkdh. 0g%dZ? yËdyuQukd 
ajz&Sif;&mwGif rsSwI 						
w&m;Oyaa'ESifh nDnGwfap&rnf? 
	4? 1990 ckESpf arv ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ 
atmifekdifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;rprSD umvtxd tvkyform;a&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ukd 
jrdKhe,frsm;u wifjyvmonfhtcg t}uHOm%fay;jcif;/ jrdKhe,frsm;tm; 

tcgtm;avsmfpGmzdwfI tvkyform;a&;7modoifhodxkdufonfrsm;ukd 
7Sif;vif;jyojcif; ponfwkdhukd pOfqufrjywf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ okdhaomf 
a&G;aumufyGJatmifekdifa&; vkH;yrf;ae&jcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJtjyD; 
*ENDcef;raqG;aEG;yGJ aemufykdif;umvrsm;wGif ta}umif;a}umif;a}uifh 
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh. aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; 
wkhHqkdif;jcif;jzpfcJh&ygonf? 
	5?  trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf 19-7-95 aehwGif 
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSk; xdef;odef;cHb0 rS vGwfajrmufjyD;onfhaemuf 
ykfdrkduspfvpfodyfonf;aom pnf;vkH;nDnGwfaom ygwDw&yfjzpfxGef;vmonffh 
tvm;tvmrsm;7SdvmjyDjzpfI4if;/ tcsdeftcgESifh tajctaet& 
vkdtyfvmjyDjzpfIvnf;aumif;/ vlxkvlwef;pm;tzGJhrsm;. vkyfief;&yfrsm;ukd 
ykdrkdtav;xm;aqmif&GufcJh7m A[kdawmifolv,form;tzGJh/ 
vlrSkkhtaxmuftuljykhtzGhJrsm;/ A[kdtrsKd;orD;vkyfief;tzGJh rsm;onfvnf; 
touf0ifvSkkyf&Sm;taumiftxnfaz:I vmcJh}ujyDjzpfygonf?
	6? 1996 ckESpf/ }o*kwfv 21&ufaeh/ pufwifbmv 4&ufaehESifh 
18&ufaehrsm;wGif 
A[kdtvkyftrSkhaqmiftzGJh0if trssd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhkcsKyf 'kwd,OuUX 
OD;wifOD;taejzifh 
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhtpnf;ta0;okdh wufa&mufjyD; 
atmufygyk*~Kdvfrsm;yg0ifaom tzGJh0ifrsm;u ,ckhvuf&Sd tvkyform;rsm;. 
tajctaersm;ukd pkHprf;avhvmokH;oyfI tvkyform;a&;&m oabmxm;rsm;/ 
&nfrSef;csufESifh a&Shvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukdcsrSwfvsuf tpD&ifcHpm wifjy&ef 
wm0efay;tyfcJhygonf? 
		OD;wifOD;
		OD;vGef;wif
		OD;armifarmif}uD;
		OD;oef;xGef;
		OD;cifarmif}unf
		OD;pdef0if;
		a':pef;pef;

	7? ,aehtvkyform;rsm;. tajctae
,aehrsufarSmufacwfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHY 
wHcg;zGifhaps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfukd usifhokH;aeaomfvnf; 
aawmifolv,form;rsm;. pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrSkhonf pD;yGg;a&;trmcHtjzpf 
tajccHwnf&SdjrJjzpfygonf? jrefrmekdifiH. vlOD;a& 44²74 oef; (1995-96 
ckeSpf) wGif tvkyfvkyfukdifeSdifaom touf 15ESpfrS 59ESpftwGif;&Sd 
vlOD;a&rSm 26²34 oef; jzpfygonf? awmifolv,form;OD;a& 11²72 oef;tygt0if 
tvkyfvkyfukdifvsuf&Sdaom vlOD;a&rSm 17²59 oef;&Sdygonf? okdhjzpfygI 
tvkyform;vlwef;pm;onf jrefrmeldlifiHvlOD;a&. 39²3µEsifh 
tvkyfvkyfukdifEkdifaom t&G,fa&mufolOD;a&. 66² 8 µcefh &Sdygonf? 
	tajccHvlwef;pm;jzpfaom tvkyform;eSifh awmifolv,form;rsm;/ 
wenf;qkd&aomf vlht&if;tjrpf (human resources) wkdhonf jrefrmekdifiH. 
aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfwGif ekdifiH.pD;yGg;jzpfxGef;rSkhESifh 
EkdifiHa&;/vlrSKha&; wkdhwGif t"dutcef;u¾rSyg0ifaom 
y"g%usaomtiftm;pkrsm;jzpfygonf?
	xkdtvkyform;wkdh. ta&;rsm;jzpfaom 
vkyfief;cGifjidrf;csrf;om,ma&; (Industrial Peace)/ 
oufomacsmifcsda&;eSifh w&m;rsSwrSkh&Sda&;/ a&;qGJxm;aom 
tvkyftukdifcefhxm;rSkhqkdif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;onf  
acwfpHepfESifhvkdufavsmnDaxGrSkh&Sdr&Sdonf 
ta&;}uD;aomjy\emw&yfjzpfygonf? ,cifESpfaygif; rsm;pGmu a&;qGJjyD; 
usidhokH;vmcJhaom tvkyform;Oya'rsm;onf ,ckaiGa}u;azmif;yGrSkhESkef; 
tqrwef jrifhrm;aeaom aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfESifh 
tH0ifcGifusjcif;r&Sdonfomru tcsKdhaom Oya'rsm;ukdvnf; 
acwfESifhavsmfnDpGm ajymif;vJjyifqifjcif; r&SdI tvkyform;rsm;. 
wm0efESifh &ykdifcGifhrsm; qkH;&SkH;aeygonf? 
	trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyfonf jynfolwkdhtm; 
'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;/ vlhtajccHtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0cHpm;ekdif&ef 
rl0g'rsm;csrSwfxm;onfeSifhtnD vuf&SdusifhokH;aeaom tvkyform;Oya' 21ck. 
[muGuf/ aysmhuGuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd avhvmI 
rnfuJhokdhjyifqifajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfonfukdvnf; avhvmokH;oyf&ef 

vkdtyfvsuf&SdaejyD[kh ,kH}unfygonf?
	rsufarSmufacwf e0w tpkd;&vufxufwGif 
wHcg;zGifhpD;yGg;a&;pHepft& ekdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jrkyfESHrSKh vkyfief;/ 
zufpyfvkyfief;rsm;/ puf&kH tvkyf&kH 0efaqmifvkyfief;rsm;&Sd 
tvkyform;rsm;onf-
		(u) tvkyfcefhxm;rSkhqkdif&m pnf;rsOf; 
pnf;urf;csufrsm;wGif tvkyf&Sifu 				
	tvkyfcefhxm;jcif;/ tvkyform;Oya'ESifhtnD wvEkhdwpfay;p&mrvkdbJ 
					tvkyfjzKwfekdifjcif;jzifh 
tvkyf&Sifrsm;tm; tcGifhta&;omvGefay;xm;jcif;/ 			
	tvkyf&Siftvkdus a7;qJGxm;jcif;jzpfI 
vkyfief;cGifwnfjrJrSkhr&Sdjcif;/ 
		(c) tvkyform;rsm;.epfemcsufrsm;/ tcGifhta7;rsm;udk 
wifjyaawmif;qkdESkkdif&efaomf 
			4if;/ ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;ekdif&efaomf4if;/ 
aqmif&Gufekdifrnfhtqifhqifh ,				EW&m;rsm; 
r7Sdjcif;/ vkyfief;cGif vkyfief;XmetwGif;  0g%dpPor*~rsm; 	
				zJGhpnf;xm;rSlhr&Sdjcif;/ 
tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyfrS&yfpJcHcJh&aomfvnf; 			
		rwkdif&J/ wkdifygaomfvnf; 
yDjyifaomajz&Sif;rSkhr&jcif;/ qkH;jzwfay;ekdifrSkhr&SfdI 	
			tqifhqifh t,lcHwufa&muf&ef tqifhqifh,EW,m;rsm; 
(ndSESkdif;tajz&Smjcif;/ 				
}um;0ifjzefajzjcif;/ rsufESmpkHnD aqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif; ,EW,m;rsm;) 
r&Sdjcif;
			a}umifh txl;epfemvsuf &Sdaeygonf?
		(*) ekdifiHjcm;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;/ 
&if;ESD;jrkyfESHolrsm;taejzifh jrefrmekdifiHwGif puf&kH/ tvkyf&kH/ 
				vkyfief;Xmersm; wnfaxmifxm;ouJhokdh 
xkdif;/ rav;&Sm;/ tif'kdeD;&Sm; ponfh 				
tjcm;aomekdifiHrsm;Yvnf; puf&kHrsm;wnfaxmifxm;&Sdygonf? okdhaomfvnf; 
				vkyfief;wl/ 
puf&kHxGufypPnf;t&nftaoG;jcif; wlnDygvsuf jrefrmekdifiH 	
				tvkyform;rsm;onf tenf;qkH;tca}u;aiG 
Oya'. toufr0ifrSkh/
			jyedvnfjyifqifrSKh yDjyifrSkhr&Sdjcif;a}umifh 
tjcm;ekdifiHrsm;. tenf;qkH;tc
			a}u;aiGESifh r,SOfekdifaom tvGefenf;yg;aom 
vkyfca}u;aiGrsm;om &&SdcHpm;
			}u&ayonf? vkyfief;7Sifrsm;taejzifh vpmrsm;rsm; 
ay;vkdyguvnf; 
			jynfolykdifpuf&kHrsm;rS tvkyform;rsm;. 
vkyfcvpmrsm;ESifh ESdkif;,SOfaomf 
			jynfolydkifpuf&kHtcsif;csif; 
tjcm;vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh jy\em&SddvmrnfjzpfI 			
	ay;csifwkdif; ay;r&/ tvkyform;rsm;taeESifhvnf; 7vkdygvsuf r&/ 
					
rcHpm;&jzpfaea}umif;awGh&Sd&ygonf?
		(C) jrefrmekdifiH. cGifh&ufESifh tvkyfydwf&uf Oya' 
(Leave & Holiday Act) t& 				wqufwnf; 
vnfywf&aom vkyfief;rsm;Y wywfvsSif 48 em&D/ &kH;/ 
0efaqmif vkyfief;rs;m;Y wywfvsSif 42 em&D tvkyfcsdef 		
		owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepf 
usifhokH;onfh 				qlygrwfuufrsm;/ puf&kH/ 
tvkyf&Hk/ vkyfief;Xmersm;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;onf		Oya'. 
umuG,fay;rSlhukd r&&SdbJ waeh 10 em&Dcefh vkyfapjcif;cHae&onfukd 
		awGh&Sd&ygonf? paeaeh tvkyfvkyfckdif;jcif;/ tcsdefykd 
					apckdif;jcif;rsm;cH&aomfvnf; 
tcsdefykdvkyfcwdwdusus wGufcsufray;bJ 			
vufzuf&nfzkd;tenf;i,fay;jcif;/ rkefhausG;jcif;rsm;jzifh 
ESpfodrfhcHae}u&ygonf? 		vlrSkhzlvkHa&;Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ukd 
rvkufem a&Smifwdrf;aejcif;/ 			vkyfcowfrSwfcsufonf 
,aehaiGa}u; azmif;yGrSkESkef;t& rqDavsmf 			
roifhjrwfaomfvnf; jyKjyif ajymif;vJay;rSkhr&Sdjcif;/ ykHpHtm;jzifh 
tvkyform; 		avsSmfa}u; Oya' t& vpmaiG 400d txuf& 
tvkyform;onf 0efxrf; 		[kkowfrSwfonfhtavsmuf ,if;Oya'ESifh 
roufqkdifyg[kh jiif;qkdykdifcGifhukfd 		
tvkyf&Siftm;ay;xm;ouJhokdhkjzpfaeygonf? (vpm 400d txuf&
			0efxrf;rsm;rSm avsmfa}u;Oya'ESifh t}ukH;r0if[k 
jyXmef;xm;ygonf? )


	8? ,aehtvkyform;rsm;. tajctaeukd avhvmprf;ppfcsuf t& 
atmufygtwkdif;okH;oyfygonf? 

okH;oyfcsuf?

	(1) wnfqJ tvkyform;a7;&m Oya'rsm;onf acwf/ pHepfESifhrnD 
[muGuf/ 					aysmhuGufrsm;&SdaeI 
jyifqifajymif;vJ&ef vkdtyfaejcif;//
		tvkyform;rsm;tm; Oya't& tumtuG,fay;ekdifrnfh 
		,EW,m;aysmufuG,fvsuf &Sdaejcif;a}umifh 
wOD;wa,mufwnf;ta7;qkdol 				
tvkyform;rsm;taejzifh 	tcGifhta&;rsm; r7onfomru tvkyfcGif 	
				wnfjrJrSkhukdyg 
csdef;ajcmufcH&Ekdifjcif;/ usrf;rma7;/ oufomacsmifcsda&;/ 	
				vkyfief;cGifvkHjcKHa&;rsm; pHepfwus 
r&Sdjcif;/ 
			jrefrmekfdifiHonf vGwfvyfa&;&&SfjyD; 
urBmhukvor*~ tzGJh0ifekdifiHtjzpf 				
yg0ifcJhygonf? xkdhtwl( ukvkor*~ukd,fpm;jyKh) tzGJhwzJGhjzpfaom 
					tkdift,ftkd. tzGJh0ifekdifiH 
tjzpfvnf;yg0ifcJhygonf? tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHukd 			
	qGpfZmvefedkifiH/ *sDeDAmjrdKhY ESpfpOf ZGefvwGif usif;yygonf? 
	(2) ,if;ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;onf tvkyform;/ tvkyf&Sif/ 
					tpkD;& 	okH;yGifhqkdif 
ykHo¾mef usif;yjcif; jzpfygonf? jrefrmekdifiHrS 		
			tvkyform;/tvkyf&Sif/ tpkD;7 ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; 
							
apvGSwfwufa&mufapcJhygonf? 	tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHu 		
				nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm; trsm;oabmwl 
jyXmef;csufrsm;udk 						
tzGJh0ifekdifiHrsm;u rdrdwkdhekdifiH. ekdifiHa7;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ 
vlrSkha&; tajctaersm;t& 				
vufcHjyD;jyDqkdygu jyXmef;csufrsm;twkdif; vkdufemusifhokH;&ygonf? 
	(3) jrefrmekdifiHonf 
tkdift,ftkdtzGJh0ifekdifiHjzpfcJhonfhtcsdefrSpI 		
				tkdidt,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 29 ukd 
vufcHtwnfjyKhjyD;jzpfygonf? okdh7mwGif 1930 			
	ckESpfucsrSwfaom (t"rR) rw&m; tvkyfapckdif;jcif; jyXmef;csuf 
					ukfdvufcHxm;aomfvnf; 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u vkdufemcJhjcif;r&Sdyg/ 			
		jyXmef;csufukfd jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u 1955 ckESpfu 
vufcHtwnfjyKhcJh&m 					
ESpfav;q,fausmfcJhjyD;jzpfygonf?
		
" txl;ojzifh uav;oli,frsm;tm; tvkyfapckdif;aejcif;onf
		tajccHvlhtcGifhdta&;ukd csKd;azgufae&kHomru 
vlhoduQmrJh 
		&mZ0wfjypfrSkhrsLd; usL;vGef&ma7mufa}umif; ukvor*~. 
yËd^mOfwGif yg&Sdonfh 				
uav;rsm;.&ykdifcGifhESifh ynmoif}um;a&;ukdcsdL;azgufaejcif;onf 
uav;oli,frsm;. 			tem*gwfa&;qkH;&SkHjcif;yif 
jzpfa}umif;/ xkdhtjyif vrf;wHwm;ESifh ppfajrjyif 		
		a&Shwef;awm7Sif;jcif;twGuf vkyftm;ay;/ 
ay:wmqGJjcif;ponfh rzG,f&maom 				
rw&m;apckdif;jcif;ukd rjyKvkyf&ef" 
		
	1996ckESpf ZGefv 12 &ufaehu usif;yonfh aumfrDwDwGif tzGJh
		0ifekdifiHtoD;oD;rS tvkyform;/ tvkyf&Sif ukd,fpm;vS,f 
rsm;u 					jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm; 
jyXmef;csuf 29 ukfd 						
		tjrefvkdufema7;twGuf wGef;tm;ay;&efESifh 
vkdufemjcif;r&Sdao;onfukd 				rSwfwrf;wif&ef 
aqG;aEG;}ua}umif; }um;od&ygonf? 
	(4) jyXmef;csuftrSwf 87?		? jyXmef;csuftrSwf 87 
t& 						tvkyform;rsm;onf 
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;ykdifcGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm 			
		tzGJhtpnf;or*~rsm; zGJhpnf;cGifh &Sdygonf? 
xkdjyXmef;csufukfd 1955 ckESpfu 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vufcHtwnfjyKjyD;Oya'jyXmef; 	
		xm;jyD;jzpfygonf? odkh&mwGif ,aehjrefrmekdifiHwGif 
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifhESifh 				tvkyform; 
tzGJhtpnf;or*~rsm; zJGhpnf;cGifhrsm;ukd ydwfkyifxm;ygonf? 
		,if;udpPukdvnf; 1996ckESpf 
tkdifft,ftkdnDvgcHaumfrwDwGif aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh
		jyXmef;csufukd taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf wGef;tm;ay;&ef 
tkdift,ftkd 				nDvmcHrSvnf; 
wm0efay;tyfcJha}umif; od&ygonf? 

			xkdhtjyif e0w. arwWm&yfcHcsuft& usGrf;usifrSkh 
						tultnDay;a&;twGuf 
	tkdift,ftkdrS tqifhjrifh pkHprf;a&;tzGJhwck 		
			apvGSwfcJh&m befaumufa&mufrS 
xkdtzGJhvma&mufjcif;ukd a&GShqkdif;a}umif; 			
	e0wrS ta}umif;}um;vkdufonf[k }um;od&ygonf? 
			Tokdh&yfqkdif;vkdufjcif;onf jrefrmekdifiH 
tvkyform;a&;&mtwGuf 				
aumif;jrwfaomt}uHOm%frsm;r&&SdbJ tcGifhta&;qkH;&SkH;apjcif;/ 	
				ekdifiHa&;/pD;yGg;a&;/ 	vlrSkha&; 
tajctaet& jyXmef;xm;jyD;jzpfonfh 				
	tvkyform;a&;7mjyXmef;csufrsm;eSifhtnD pepfwus tcGifhta&;	
				rsm;rcHpm;EkfdifbJ 7	
ykdifcGifhrsm;qkH;&SkH;apjcif;/ tvkyfcGifwnfjrJrSkkh/ 		
				vkyfief;cGifjidrf;csrf;om,mrSkh/ 
vkyfca}u;aiGenf;yg;rSkh ponfh
		csKdhk,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;a}umifh tvkyform;rsm; 
pm;0wfaea&; 					
a}umifh}urSkh}uD;xGm;vmjyD; tusifhpm&dwWESifh pdwf"gwfysufjym;jcif;/ 
vkyfief;cGif 				rwnfjidrfjcif;rsm; 
jzpfay:cJhygonf? 
tqkdygqkH;&SkH;aeaom tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd umuG,f&efESifh 
&ykfdifcGifhrsm;pHepfwus&&Sda&;/ pkaygif;ta&;qkdcGifh/ 
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;ajymqkdcGifh/ xkwfaz:awmif;qkkdcGifhrsm;ukfd 
taumiftxnfaz:ekdif&ef 	
"tvkyform;or*~rsm;" ukd zGJhpnf;azmfaqmif&efrSm ta&;t
		}uD;qkH;vkdtyfcsufjzpfonf[kh 
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhu okH;oyfygonf? 

	9? tkdift,ftkdESifhjrefrmekdifiHtvkyform;ta&;
		
1996 ckESpf ZGefvwGif qGpfZmvefekdifiH *sDeDAmjrdKhYusif;yaom 
83}udrfajrmuf tkdift,ftkdnDvmcHY tzGJh0ifekdifiHtoD;oD;rS 
wufa&mufvm}uonfh nDvmcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u jrefrmekdifiHrS 
tvkyform;rsm;. tajctaeeSifh tkdift,ftkd jyXmef;csufrsm;ukd 
rvkdufembJaejcif;eSifh ywfoufI jyif;jyif;xefxef aqG;aEG;cJh}uonfh 
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;. aumufESkwfcsufrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; 
az:jyvkdufygonf? 

tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 87esifh ywfoufI jrefrmEkdifiHu 
vkdufemusifhokH;&ef 1981ckESpfrSpI 9}udrfwkdifwkdif aqG;aEG;cJhjyD; 
usGrf;usifrSkhaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpm 15apmifteuf 12apmifwGif 
TjyXmef;csufukfdvkdufem&ef jrefrmekkdifiHokdhay;ykdhcJhygonf? 
okdh&mwGif jrefrmekdifiHrStajctae tpD7ifcHpm vkH;0jyef}um;jcif; 
rjyKhcJhyg? vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifhr&Sd? tvkyform; tpnf;t&kH;rsm;/ 
0g%dZor*~rsm;/zGJhpnf;cGifhr&Sdonfhtjyif 
tjcm;vkyfief;wlor*~rsm;ESifhjzpfap/ 
tjcm;edkifiHa7;tzGJhtpnf;rsm;ESifhjzpfap/ 
vGwfvyfpGmqufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&GufcGifhr&Sdyg// 
Oyrm jrefrmoabFmom;rsm;onf urBmESifht0Srf;&Sd wjcm;EkdifiH 
oabFmom;or*~ tzJGhtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkH;0qufoG,fjcif;rjyKyg[lonfh 
uwd0efcHcsufukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;jyD;rS oabFmwufcGifh vkdufcGifh&}uygonf? 
(qGD'ifekdifiH tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,f.wifjyaqG;aEG;csuf)
jrefrmedkifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&; azgufzsufaejcif;ukd &yfwefh&ef 
nDvgcHwGif t}udrf}udrf aqG;aEG;jyD; jrefrmekdifiH tpkd;&xH 
ta}umif;}um;cJhaomfvnf; jrefrmtpkd;&u ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sdao;yg? 
owif;jzefhcsda&;ekSifh vGwfvyfpGmajymqkdrSkhwkdhukd 
wif;}uyfpGmcsKyfcs,fxm;onfhtjyif ,ck &uftwGif; vltrsm;ukfd 
tpkvkduftjyHKvkduf Oya'ESifhrnDbJ zrf;qD;aejcif;/ 
(*syefrStvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf)
		
jrefrmekdifiHwGif ppfwyfutkyfcsKyfaecJhonfrSm 
ESpfrsm;pGm}umcJhjyDjzpfI tpnf;t&kH;rsm;/ or*~rsm; 
zJGhpnf;cGifhvkH;0uif;rJhaejyD; EldifiHa&;vkyfykdifcGifhESifh 
vlrSkha&;7ykdifcGifhrsm;/ qkH;&SkH;vsuf7Sdaejcif;rSm 
jrefrmekdifiHtwGuf&SufzG,fvdvdyifjzpfygonf? 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&ukd,fpm;vS,fu TnDvmcHokdh 

&Sif;vif;wifjycsufrsm;onf vkH;0,kH}unfzG,fr&Sda}umif;/ (tdENd, 
tvkyform;ukd,fpm;vS,f. aqG;aEG;wifjycsuf)
	
jrefrmekdifiHonf ,refESSpfrsm;u t}udrf}udrfuwday;cJhygvsuf tkdift,ftkd 
jyXmef;csuf 87 ukdvkdufemjcif;r&Sdjcif;a}umifh jrefrmekdifiHwGif 
vlhtcGifhta&;rsm; qkH;&SkH;ae&jcif;ukdusGekfyfwkdh 5ekdifiHtpkd;&rsm;u 
rsm;pGmpkd;&drfylyefrdygonf? 0g%dZor*~rsm; 
vGwfvyfpGmzGJhpnf;cGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm qufoG,fcGifhay;&ef 
awmif;qkdygonf/ (aemfa0;EkdifiHukdk,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;csuf)
		
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&taeESifh urBmhtjrif/ trsm;tjrifwkdhukd 
vspfvsL&Skhuif;uGmaeI rjzpf/ pdwfapwemaumif;&Sdygonf[kh xyfwvJvJ 
xkwfajymae&kHrsSjzifh rvkHavmuf/ Oya'oabmESifh vufawGh 
vkyf7yfrsm;jzifh tjrefjyKjyif&efvkfdygonf? (e,fomvefekdifiH tpkd;& 
ukd,fpm;vS,f.aqG;aEG;csuf)
	
ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSk;. ukd,fpm;vS,fu wifjyonfrSm 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&. awmif;qkdcsufrsm;t& ,ckhESpf 1996ckESpf {jyDv 4 
&ufaehu a7muf&Sdvmonfh tultnDawmif;cHvGSmukd vkdufavsmI 
tultnDay;rnfhtzGJhtpnf; apvGSwfrnfjzpfa}umif; jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&okdh 
ta}umif;}um;cJhygonf? ,if;tzGJh.acgif;aqmif pHESkef;owfrSwfa&;Xme 
t7m&Sd}uD; OD;aqmifvsuf ,kd;',m;ekdifiH/ 
befaumufjrdKhokdha&muf&SdpOfwGif jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&xHrS 
xkdtzJGhkvma&mufa&;udpPukd rarsSmfvifhonfhta}umif;rsm;a}umifh 
tcsdefajymif;a&Ghvkfdufa}umif; oH}uKd;pmjzifh ta}umif;}um;ojzifh 
rpf&SiftzJGh roGm;a&mufekdifawmhyg//
	
okdhjzpfygI tkdift,ftkd nDvmcHu jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm; 
jypdwif&SkHcsa}umif; tpD7ifcHpmwGif txl;tykd'ftaejzifh 
jyif;xefaompum;vkH;rsm; xnfhoGif;okH;pGJI rSwfwrf;wif&ef 
wifjycJh}uygonf? 
	
xkdhtjyif tkdift,ftkdd jyXmef;csuftrSwf 29 (1930) ukdjrefrmekdifiHrS 
1995 ckeSpfuyifusifhokH;&efvufcHcJhygonf? okdhaomf 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vkH;0usifhokH;vkdufemjcif;r7SdcJhyg? 
jrefrmhc7D;oGm;ESpftwGuf jyifqifvkyfukdif&jcif;twGuf 
trsKd;om;rsm;tm;acsG;wyfqGJI twif;t"rRapckdif;jcif;/ 
c7D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;tjrifvSap&ef taqmuftODrsm; jyifqifrGef;rHjcif;/ 
topfaqmufvkyfjcif; ponfh aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif toufrjynfhaom 
uav;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;tm; apckdif;aejcif;/ Oyrm- rEWav;eef;awmf 
av;bufav;wef usHL;jyifqif&mwGif axmifaomif;ruaom vkyftm;ay;rsm; 
24em&DtvSnfhus vkyftm;ay;apjcif;ukd 
t"rRjcdrf;ajcmufapckdif;cJhjcif;jzpfayonf? 
t"rRtvkyfapckdif;jcif;a}umifh tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 29 (1930) 
ukdusL;vGefazgufzsufaejcif;jzpfa}umif;/
	
okdhjzpfygI jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf tkdift,ftkdjyXmef;csuf 87 ESifh 
29ukd qufwkduf ajymifajymifwif;wif; csdK;azgufaeojzifh ,ckhESpfnDvmcH 
tpD&ifcHpmY jypfwif&SkkHcsa}umif; jyif;xefonfhpum;vkH;rsm;okH;I 
txl;pmykd'ftjzpfxnfhoGif;&efESifh jyXmef;csuf 87 ESifh 29ukd 
usifhokH;&efysufuGufonfhtwGuf tjypfusL;vGefa}umif; 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&tm; owday;&ef qkH;jzwfcJhygonf? 
	
wzef 1955ckESpf 'dzifbmv 11&ufaehu usif;ycJhonfht}udrf 50ajrmuf 
ukvor*~ nDvmcHtpnf;ta0; wwd,aumfrwDu wkdkufwGef;csufrsm; csrSwfjyD; 
jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&u vkdufemaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf ta}umif;}um;7ef 
qkH;jzwfcJhygonf? 
	
-jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vlhtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd 
qufvufcsKd;azmufaejcif;twGuf tvGef0rf;enf;onf? 
-vlhtcGifhta&;a}ujimpmwrf;wGifyg&Sdaom rlrsm;t& jrefrmekdifiHom;wkdif; 
vGwfvyfpGm ekdifiHa7;vkyfykdifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf 
tajctaersm;zefwD;7efESifh 'Drkdua&pDxGef;um;a&; 

t&Sdeft[kefjrifhwufvmap7ef/ txl;ojzifh 
'Drkdua&pDenf;t&a&G;cs,fjcif;cHxm;&aom yk*~Kdvfrsm;okdh 
ekdifiHa&;tm%mrsm;vGSJajymif;ay;&efjrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&okdh 
wkdufwGef;vkdufonf? 
-jrefrmekdifiHtpkd;&onf vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifh/ 
vGwfvyfpGma&;om;ajymqkd/ xkwfa0cGifh tygt0if vlhtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh 
tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;ukd tjynfht0av;pm;vkdufem&eftwGuf4if;/ 
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh bmomcJG vlenf;pkrsm;. 
tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd umuG,fay;&eftwGuf4if;/ vlwOD;csif;. 
touf&Sifoef7yfwnfa&;ESifh vlhoduQmxdyg;aponfh 
vkyf7yfrsm;&yfqkdif;oGm;ap&eftwGuf4if;/ nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufjcid;/ 
trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; apmfum;jcif;/ t"rRvkyftm;ay;&jcif;/ jynfolvlxktm; 
t"rRa&Ghajymif;apjcif;/ tusOf;enf;jzifhuGufrsufjcif;/ vufpazsmufjcif; 
ponfhvkyf7yfrsm;ukd 7yfqkdif;jypfapa7;wkdhtwGuf4if;/ 
jyif;xefpGmwkdufwGef;vkdufonf? 
	-jrefrmekdifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&;rsm; csLd;azgufaejcif;twGuf 
0rf;enf;pdwfysufrdonf? 
-vlhtcGifhta&;qkdif&m txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f. owif;ay;ykdhcsuft& 
jrefrmekkkdifiHwGif vlhtcGifhta&;rsm; 
qufvufcsKd;azgufvsuf&Sdaeao;a}umif; od&onf// 
jynfolrsm;ukdowfjzwfjcif;/ a&Smifwcif zrf;qD;jcid;/ 
csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ vGwfvyfpGmajymqkda&;om;xkwfa0cGifhESifh zJGhpnf; 
pnf;&kH;cGifhrsm;r&Sdao;jcif;/ nSifqJESdyfpufjcif;/ 
t"rRvkyftm;ay;rsm;ckdif;aeao;jcif;/ t"rRay:wmqGJaeao;jcif;/ 
e,fpyfa'oYppfqifa&;rsm;jyKhvkyfaecsdefrsm;wGif 
vlhtcGifhta&;csKd;azmufrSkhrsm;usL;vGefaejcif;/ zGhHjzdk;a7;ukd 
ta}umif;jyvsuf vlaetdrfajcrsm;ukd t"rR a&Ghajymif;ckdif;aejcid;twGuf 
rsm;pGmpkd;&drfrdonf? 
	
tkdift,ftkdzGJhpnf;ykH pnf;rsOf; 26 t& urBmhtvkyform;a&;&m 
pHESkef;rsm; tqifhtwef;rrDjcif;/ 
vlhtcGifhta&;csKf;azmufaejcif;rsm;twGuf pkHprf;ppfap;&ef txl;aumfr&Sif 
zJGhpnf;wm0efay;ekdifonf? okfhjzpf&mcsKd;azmufysufuGufaejcif;rsm; 
qufvufjyKhvkyfaeaom jrefrmedkifiHtpkd;&tm; ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;ay;&ef 
okdhr[kwfygu tkdift,ftkdzGJhpnf;ykH tykd'f 26t& qufvufta&;,l 
aqmif&Guf&rnfh tajctae &Sdygonf? 
	wzef 1996ckESpf 'dzifbmv 12&ufaehu usif;yonfh ukvor*~ 
taxGaxGnDvmcHwGif jrefrmEdkifiH. vlhtcGifhta&;qkdif&mESifh ywfoufI 
atmufygtwkdif; qkH;jzwfwkdufwGef;cJhygonf? 

" tjynfjynfqkddif&mtvkyform;tzGJhcsKyf. jyXmef;csufrsm;jzpfaom 
t"rRtvkyfapckdif;aejcif;/ (jyXmef;csuf 29) Esifh 
vGwfvyfpGmpnf;&kH;cGifh/ zGJhpnf;cGifh jyXmef;csuf 87ukd 
ydwfyifxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufI tkdift,ftkd.qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd 
vkdufemaqmif&Gufap&efkjyif;xefpGmwkdufwGef;ESkd;aqmfxm;ygonf? "

	


10? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyf tvkyform;a&;&m&nfrSef;csufrsm;

		trsKf;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGhcsKyf 
A[kdtvkyyform;vkyfief;tzGJhonf txufwGifazmfjycJhaom tvkyform;rsm;. 
tcGifhta&; qkH;7SkH;aerSkhukd umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efESifh 
&oifh&xkdufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd 
vGwfvyfpGmpkaygif;awmif;qkdta&;qkdcGifh&&SdEkdif&ef/ 
puf&kHtvkyf&kHvkyfief;/Xme toD;oD;rS tvkyform;rsm;yg0ifaom 
"tvkyform;or*~/ tzJGhtpnf;rsm;" ukfdzJGhpnf;aqmif&Guf&ef 
&nfrSef;xm;ygonf? 
		4if;tjyif atmufygvkyfief;pOfrsm; 
csrSwftaumiftxnfaz:&efvnd; 
&nfrSef;xm;ygonf? 

	11? vkyfief;pOf
		txufyg&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk jyD;jynfhpkHpGm 
taumiftxnfaz:edkif&ef trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzJGhcsKyf 
A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJhonf 
atmufygtwkdif;pDpOfaqmif&Guf&efjzpfygonf? 
		(u) vuf&SdusifhokH;aeaom aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;pHepfwGif 

wnfqJtvkyform;a&;&m 				Oya'rsm;onf 
tH0ifcGifusrSkh&Sdr&Sdukd avhvgokH;oyf&ef?
		(c) 1964 ckESpf jynfolhtvkkyform;rsm; 
tajccH&ykdifcGifheSifh wm0efrsm;				
		jyXmef;onfhOya'. enf;Oya'[k rSwf,l&rnfh " 1929 ckESpf/ 
0g%dZyÉdyuQ 				tufOya'. tcsKdhtykd'frsm;t& 
tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;rsm;t
			}um;jzpfyGm;aeonfh 0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm; 
jzefajza&;,EW,m;onf ,ckhtcg 					
tokH;jykhjcif;r&Sd/ ysufjy,faejyD[kod&jyD;jrdKhe,f}uD;}uyfa&;tqifhom 
&Sdae
			a}umif; od&ygonf? 
xkd,EW,m;tqifhqifhjzifhajz&Sif;&aom ,cifESpfrsm;u 		
		0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm;/vuf&SdjzpfyGm;aeqJ 0g%dZyÉdyuQrsm;tm; 
repfemap&ef 				rnfokdhaqmif&Gufae}uonf/ 
rnfokdhpDpOfaqmif&Gufoifhonfrsm;ukd				
	avhvmokH;oyftajz&Sm&ef? 
		(*) tvkyform;xkw&yfvkH; epfemaeonfh &ykdifcGifhESifh 
tcGifhta&;;rsm; 7&Sda&;/ 					
vuf&Sdpm;0wfaea&; cufcJaeonfh tvkyform;rsm;. 			
			vkyfcvpmajyvnfa&;ukfd a&S;&SkhI oifhawmfaom 
tenf;qkH;vkyfcvpm 					owfrSwfa&; 
vpmESkef;xm;rsm; jyifqifa&;twGuf jyifqifoifhonfh 		
			tvkyform; Oya'rsm;ukd jyifqifEkdif&eftwGuf 
vkdtyfovkdavhvmI 					
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;avhvmpkaqmif;xm;7Sd&ef/ 
		(C) tjcm;aom'Drkdua&pDekdifiHrsm;rS tvkyform;or*~rsm;/ 
tzGJhtpnf;rsm;. 					
zGJhpnf;ykHukdavhvm&ef/ 
		(i) tvkyform;a&;&m Oya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ 
nGSef}um;csufrsm;ESifh 						
tvkyform;a&;7m a0g[m&rsm;ukd trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf jynfe,f/ 
				wkdif;/ jrdKhe,frsm;toD;oD;rS 
tzGJh0ifrsm;wwfodem;vnf oabmaygufap&ef/ 			
	ynmay;a[majymjcif;/ oifwef;rsm;ay;jcid; 
ponfwkdhukdaqmif&Guf&ef/ 
		(p) wkd;csJhzGJhpnf;&ef vkdtyfygu A[kdtvkyform; 
vkyfief;tzGJhtm; 						
taxmuftuljyktzGJh0ifrsm;jzifh wkd;csJzGJhpnf;&ef/ 

	12? ed*kH;
		A[kdtvkyform;vkyfiefk;tzGJhonf 
txufygvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd csrSwfxm;&SdjyD; 
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJhcsKyf tvkyftrSkhaqmiftzGJhokdh 
wifjytpD&ifcHvsuf/ vrf;nGSefrSkkh/ OD;aqmifrSkhukfd cH,ljyD; 
tvkyform;xktusKd;iSm xda&mufatmifjrifrSkh&&Sda&;twGuf pGrf;pGrf;wrH 
}udK;pm;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfyga}umif;?

					A[kdtvkyform;vkyfief;tzGJh

aehpGJ			27-5-1997
jrefrmouU&mZf		1359ck/ uqkefvqkwf 9&uf	









































______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com