Speech for Golden Jublee of Indepen

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ESpf (50)ajrmuf a&$&wk vGwfvyfa&;atmifyGJae? tcef;tem;wGif ajym-um;aom
obmywdrdef?cGef;
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu }uD;rSL;usif;yonfh ESpf(50)ajrmuf
a&$&wkvGwfvyfa&;atmifyGJtcef;tem;odk? ºuGa&mufvm-uaom OuU@/
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifhwuG tzGJ?csKyftqifhqifhaom acgif;aqmifrsm;/
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ txl;zdwf-um;xm;onfh tpOftvm&Sdaom
EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;/ tjcm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/
oHwrefrsm;/ tzGJ?csKyftzGJ?0ifrsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm; cifAsm;?
,ckvdk *k%fðytyfonfh ae?xl;ae?jrwftcgor,rSm r*Fvmtaygif;ESifh jynfhpHk-u_yD;
udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omI &$ifvef;csrf;ajrh-uygapa-umif;
qkrGefaumif;awmif;tyfygw,f? tvGefxl;jcm;rGefjrwfonfh Ttcef;tem;}uD;rSm
obmywdtjzpf aqmif&Guf&onfhtwGufvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf*k%f,lvsuf aus;Zl;txl;wif&Sdygw,f?
?vGwfvyfa&;?wnf;[laom wefbdk;udk rvGwfvyfjcif;/ csKyfcs,fjcif;/
wm;qD;uef?owfjcif;/ ydwfyifjcif;/ aESmifh,Sufjcif;/ ESdyfpuf!Sif;yef;jcif;
wdk?cH&onfhtcgrsdK;rSm tvGeftzdk;xdkufwefa-umif;udk
ydkrdkem;vnfoabmaygufEdkif-urSm jzpfygw,f? EdkifiHawmfu 1886 ckESpf/
Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae?rSm vHk;0O\Hk _Adwdo#udkvdkeD. ol?u|efb0atmufodk?
a&mufcJh-u&ygw,f? xdktcsdefupI jrefrmEdkifiH wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltm;vHk;[m
ol?u|efb0rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf toufaoG;ac|;wdk?udk paw;I
udk,fusdK;pGef?tepfemcHum óud;yrf;aqmif&GufcJh-uygw,f? ArmEdkifiH
ol?u|efb0a&mufonfESifh ZmwdaoG;/ ZmwdrmefwufºuGukefaom
wdkif;&if;omtaygif;wdk?[m e,fcsJ?udkvdkeDpepfudk ckcHwdkufcdkufcJh-uygw,f?
Ak'<bmomuvsm%,k0toif; (0dkiftrfbDat)/ jrefrmtrsdK;om;toif;tzGJ?rsm;.
toif;csKyf}uD; (*sDpDbDat)toif;}uD;rsm;udk wnfaxmif_yD;
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"mwf/ vGwfvyfa&;pdwf"gwfwdk?udk Edk;-um;wdk;yGm;vmapcJhygw,f?
1920 ckESpf ausmif;om;oydwf}uD;[mvnf;
vGwfvyfa&;v+yf&Sm;r+ordkif;rSwfwdkifwpfcktjzpf
wdk;wufxl;jcm;ajymif;vJvmcJhygw,f? trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwft&Sdeft[kefudk
jr?ifhwifay;rnfh trsdK;om;wuUodkvf/ trsdK;om;ausmif;rsm;udk
wpfEdkifiHvHk;wGif wnaxmifzGifhvSpfEdkifcJ-uygw,f? xdk
trsdK;om;ausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonfh tusdK;quf[m aemiftcgwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHawmf. vGwfvyfa&; ydokum}uD;/ wyfrawmf. zcif}uD;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf acgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;/
om;aumif;orD;aumif; &wemrsm;pGmudk arG;xkwfay;EdkifcJhygw,f?
1930 jynfh ckESpfwGif om,m0wDe,fY v,form;rsm;u rdk;acgifojzifh oD;ESH
qkwf,kwfysufpD;jcif;udk ta-umif;ðyI tcGefawmfvGef_idrf;cGifh&a&;
av#mufxm;cJh&m tm%mydkifwdk?u zdESdyf!Sif;qJaxmifcsjcif;wdk?a-umifh
v,form;rsm;u qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&mrS q&mpHOD;aqmifaom
awmifolv,form;ta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:aygufcJh&ygw,f? xdkta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
oufpGef?óud;yrf;aqmif&Guf-u&if; usqHk;cJh-uolrsm;/ towfcH-u&olrsm;/
óud;pifwufcH&olrsm;/ tusOf;uscH&olrsm;/ tdrfeJ?&Gmwdk?udk rD;¶d+?cH&aom
tepfemcHcJh&onfh trsdK;om;trsdK;orD;taygif;wdk?vnf; renf;vSyg?
trsdK;om;a&;pdwf"gwf[mvnf; t&Sdeft[kefjrifhrm;vm_yD; wdk?Armtpnf;t¶Hk;udk
xlaxmifvsuf tpnf;¶Hk;0ifocifvli,frsm;/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;/
rsdK;cspfyk*d~Kvfrsm;wdk?onf vGwfvyfa&;twGuf _Adwdo#e,fcsJ?pepftm;
qufxufxrf;ydk;wdk;I awmfvSefa&;wpf&yf qifE$J&ef vkyfief;udkyg oaE<wnfcJhygw,f?
1936 ckESpf ausmif;om;rsm;oydwfESifh 1938 ckESpf a&eHajr
tvkyform;oydwfwdkufyGJ (1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk)wdk?rSmvnf; trsdK;om;a&;
¶+axmifhrS-unfhvsif vGwfvyfa&;óud;yrf;r+ordkif;wGif &[ef;&Sifvl/
ausmif;om;ausmif;ol/ wdkif;&if;om;jynfol/ v,form;/ tvkyform;rsm; ponfh
vlvwfwef;pm;rsm;tm;vHk;txd euf¶d+if;pGm wpfcJeuf yg0ifvma-umif;awG?-u&ygw,f?
txufyg óud;yrf;v+yf&Sm;r+rsm;udk aoaocsmcsm avhvm-unfh¶+vsif
jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;. tiftm;omvsif y"geusaom t"dutiftm;jzpfw,fqdkwmudk
av;eufpGm oabmaygufzdk? vdktyfygw,f? xdk?aemufrSom jynfolvlxk
tiftm;wpf&yfvHk;. tpdwftydkif;wpfcktjzpf yg0if&rnfh
vufeufudkiftzGJ?tpnf;tudk tpDtpOfcsI zGJ?pnf;cJha-umif; xif&Sm;apygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;pD;wJh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf/
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfudk wdkif;jynfESifh vlrsdK;tm;vHk;twGuf pepfwus
wnfaxmifzGJ?pnf;EdkifcJhwmjzpfygw,f? wzef zufqpf*syef
awmfvSefa&;usjyefawmhvnf; ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf[m jynfoljynfom;wdk?.
om;orD;rsm;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm rdbjynfolrsm;. arwWm&dyfudk jyefvnfcdkvH+um
rsdK;cspfwyfrawmftjzpf ajymif;vJzGJ?pnf;I zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;
jynfol?vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ?csKyf. pnf;¶Hk;OD;aqmifr+atmufwGif rdbjynfolvlxk.
axmufcHr+udk &,lvsuf atmifjrifpGm yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&GufEdkifcJhygw,f?
zufqpfawmfvSefa&;udk atmifjrifpGm qifE$JEdkifcJh-uaomfvnf;
_Adwdo#udkvdkeDe,fcsJ?pepf jyefvnfoufqdk;&Snfaprnfh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;
¶kyfodrf;&ef/ puULjzLpDrHudef;csKyf_idrf;ap&ef/ jrefrmEdkifiHtm;
vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&ef/ aemiftem*wf wyfrawmfta&;ESifh
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;tqdkrsm;udk jynfolvlxk}uD;taejzifh
zufqpfqef?usifa&; jynfol?vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ?csKyf}uD;ESifh
yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf-u&efwdk?udk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh
aeol&deftpnf;ta0;}uD;u wcJeuf wdkufwGef;EdkifcJhygw,f?
^m%ftajr?mftjrif}uD;rm;aom AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m awG?qHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhom
tajz&Smaomenf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;ðyI 1947 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae?wGif
atmifqef;tufwvDpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkifEdkifI wpfESpftwGif;
vGwfvyfa&;atmifyef;udk qGwfcl;Edkifrnf[k aºuG;a-umfEdkifcJhygw,f? xdk?tjyif
ordkif;wGifonfh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk awG?qHkaqG;aEG;
!dSEd+if;tajz&Smjcif;jzifh wnfaqmufEdkifcJhygw,f? yifvHkpmcsKyfudk
&Srf;jynfyifvHkòrd?Y 1947 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12)&ufae?wGif
csKyfqdkEdkifcJhygw,f? 1947 ckESpf {_yDvwGif
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrSm zqyv tzGJ?csKyf}uD;u tjywftowfEdkif_yD;
vGwfvyfaom jrefrmEdkifiHESifh qDavsmfrnfh zGJ?pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
tajccHOya'}uD;udk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmifI a&;qGJcJhygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m wdkif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf óud;yrf;&if; 1947 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae?wGif toufay;vSLcJh&ygw,f? xdktcg 1947 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv
(17)&ufae?Y 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Eku Ek=tufwvDpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;_yD;aemuf
1948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae?wGif tcsKyftcsmtm%mydkif vGwfvyfaom
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftjzpf a-unmEdkifcJhygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;[m vGwfvyfa&;udk touf/ aoG;/
ac|;awG ay;_yD; óud;yrf;cJhonfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm=
(1) w&m;r#wjcif;/ vGwfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;wnf;[laom w&m;rsm;/
(2) wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk; vHkòcHa&;/ wnfwHhaom _idrf;csrf;a&;/
vlr+qufqHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ pD;yGm;a&;w&m;r#wr+/ EdkifiHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ vGwfvyfpGm
awG;awm}uHqEdkifr+/ ajymqdkEdkifr+/ pka0;Edkifr+/ pnf;¶Hk;Edkifr+/
zGifh[a&;om;Edkifr+/ ,Hk-unfudk;uG,fEdkifr+/ toufarG;0rf;a-umif;
y&da,oe&SmrSD;Edkifr+/ tqifhtwef;nDr#r+/ tcGifhtvrf;nDr#r+/ w&m;Oya't&mwGif
nDr#r+ ponfwdk? tm;vHk;udk tcsKyftcsmtm%m. rlvydkif&Sifjzpfonfh
wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltm;vHk; tpOfwpdkuf cHpm;pHpm;Edkif-uap&efjzpfygw,f?
'Dae&mrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m vGwfvyfa&;&vsif b,fvdk EdkifiHawmfrsdK;
xlaxmif&r,fqdkwm ar#mfrSef;cJhygw,f? 1945 ckESpf/ -o*kwfv pwkw?t}udrfajrmuf
EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u ?'ga-umifh
u|efawmfwdk?[m 'Drdkua&pD0g'udkom acwfpm;atmif vkyf&r,f? tJ'D0g'rsdK;t&om
vGwfvyfwJh ArmEdkifiH xlaxmifEdkifatmif óud;pm;&r,f? 'grsdK; rvkyfEdkif&if
u|efawmfwdk? ArmjynfolawG[mvnf; epfemr,f? u|efawmfwdk? jynfudkvnf; urBmu
-unfhaevdk?r&wJh wpfae? *syefESifh *smr%D 0dkif;_yD;tESdrfcH&ovdk
tESdrfcH&r,fqdkwm owdcsyf&r,f? 'Drdkua&pD0g'om vGwfvyfa&;eJ? qDavsmfw,f? 'D
0g'om _idrf;csrf;a&;udk tm;ay;w,f? 'ga-umifh 'D0g'udkom u|efawmfwdk?
&nf&G,f&r,fæ? [k ajym-um;cJhygw,f?
xdk rdef?cGef;xJrSmyif tcdkiftrmajymxm;wmuawmh ?wdkif;jynfv$wfawmfu bmrS
tpdk;r&wJh ppftm%m&Sif0g'rsdK; r&Sd&atmif ppfbufudk wdkif;jynfv$wfawmfu
tkyfpdk;cGifh&Sd&r,f?? 'gudk wpfenf;t"dy`g,fzGifh&if ppfwyfu
wdkif;jynfv$wfawmfudk tkyfpdk;cGifh r&Sdap&/ b,fvdkenf;rsdK;ESifhrS
tkyfpdk;cGifh r&Sdap& [k tav;teuf az:!$ef;xm;wmjzpfygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m 'Drdkua&pDudk pHerlðyavmufatmif av;pm;vdkufem_yD;
¶dkaoapmifhxdef;olwpfOD;jzpfa-umif;udk 1947 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae?
òrd?awmfcef;r}uD;Y usif;yaom jynfol?tpnf;ta0;}uD;wGif
rdef?cGef;ajym-um;cJhygw,f?
?æ usKyfwdk?[m 'Dwdkif;jynfrSm tpkd;&jzpfatmif twif;t"rRvkyfvmvdk?
tpdk;&jzpfwmr[kwfbl;? wdkif;jynfvlxk&J? axmufcHr+eJ? usKyfwdk?
tpdk;&jzpfaewm? wdkif;jynfu r-unf!dKbl;qdkwm usKyfwdk? odwJhwpfae?rSm
usKyfwdk?vnf; raebl;? wG,fraeygbl;? xGufrSmygbJæ?
1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D (4)&ufae? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;ausmufwdkiftkwfjrpfcs
tcef;tem;rSm yxrqHk;0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Eku Todk? rdef?cGef;ajym-um;cJhygw,f?
?,ae? &&SdwJh vGwfvyfa&;[m vlrsdK;pkwpfpkwnf;&J? vGwfvyfa&;r[kwf?
jynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;rSm&SdwJh &Srf;/ csif;/ ucsif/ u&ifeD/ &cdkif/ rGef/
jrefrmpwJh aoG;csif;om;csif;/ jynfaxmifpkom;vlrsdK;pktm;vHk;wdk?
pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk; óud;yrf;cJh-uum &&Sdvmaom vGwfvyfa&;jzpfonfhtwGuf
jynfaxmifpkom; vlrsdK;pktm;vHk;&J? vGwfvyfa&;jzpfw,f? ,ck vGwfvyfa&;[m
v,form;/ tvkyform;/ aps;olaps;om;/ ausmif;olausmif;om;/ tr+xrf; t&mxrf;rSpI
awmfvSefa&;orm;tm;vHk;yg0ifaom vlwef;pm;tm;vHk;. vGwfvyfa&;jzpfw,f? ,ae?
&&SdwJh vGwfvyfa&;[m toif;tzGJ?wpfckwnf;twGuf vGwfvyfa&;r[kwf?
vlwef;pm;wpfckwnf;twGuf toHk;cs&ef r[kwf? vl?tcGifhta&;rsm;udk b,ftcgrS
wif;jynfh-uyfjynfh r&&SdcJh-ubl;wJh vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;rusef
jynfaxmifpkom; vlwef;pm;tm;vHk;twGuf r#r#ww toHk;cs&efjzpfw,f?? 'gqdk&if
vGwfvyfa&;&,lcJh&onfh &nfrSef;csufESifh b,fvdk EdkifiHrsdK;
xlaxmif&r,fqdkwJh &nfrSef;csufrsm; xif&Sm;odom_yD;jzpfygw,f?
'ga-umifhvnf; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfudk pwifwnfaxmifpOfuwnf;u
xkwfa0cJhwJh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf&J? ?EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsufESifh
oabmxm;? pmtkyfrSm atmufygtwdkif; a-unmcJhygw,f?
?(u) tm%m&SifqefI jynfolvlxktm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frnfh EdkifiHa&;pepfrsdK;
xGef;um;jcif;r&Sdap&??
? (c) jynfol?qENudk tcsKyftcsmtjzpf cH,lI EdkifiHawmftm%mudk
rlvydkif&Sifjzpfaom jynfolvlxkxHrS qif;oufap&rnf??
? (*) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf vGwfvyfpGm ,Hk-unfudk;uG,fcGifh/ awG;ac:cGifh/
a&;om;a[majymcGifh/ pnf;¶Hk;cGifhESifh toufarG;0rf;a-umif; ðyydkifcGifh/
qENrJay;ydkifcGifhESifh a&G;aumufwifajr?mufcHydkifcGifh ponfh jynfolwdk?.
tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhwnf;[laom vlwpfOD;csif;pD. tajccHydkifcGifhrsm;udk
tjynfht0 cHpm;cGifh &Sdap&rnf?? wdk?jzpf-uygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;ausmufwdkifwGif armfuGef;0if ur?nf;xdk;xm;aom t"dXmef(9)csufteuf
atmufygtcsufwdk?udk rdrdwdk?tm;vHk; b,favmufvdkufem usifhoHk;-u_yDvJqdkwmudk
qef;ppf-unfhzdk? vdkygw,f?
?igwdk?onf Tae? TtcsdefrSpI igwdk?tm; vGwfvyfa&;vrf;odk? ydk?aqmifay;cJhaom
igwdk?. acgif;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;csrSwfcJhonfh vrf;pOftwdkif;
waoGrwdrf; csDwufrnf??
?igwdk?onf Tae? TtcsdefrSpI igwdk?acgif;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
vHk?vOo[mjzifh &&Sd_yDjzpfaom trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;udk
ausmufqdkifausmufcJuJhodk? cdkif_rJatmif xdef;odrf;rnf??
?igwdk?onf Tae? TtcsdefrSpI igwdk? EdkifiHom; [loa&G?udk }uD;/ i,f/ eD;/ a0;
rjcm; waoG;wnf; wom;wnf;ðyI enf;rsm; edrfhjrifh r&Sdap&? nDwlnDr#ðyrnf??
?igwdk?onf Tae? TtcsdefrSpI olwyg;tm;vnf; rw&m;rðy/ igwdk?tm;
rw&m;ðyonfudkvnf; rcH/ toufESifhvJI umuG,frnf??
?vHk;0vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf}uD;
urBm&SnfwnfwHhcdkif_rJa&;wm0efonf igwdk?ESifhwuG igwdk?om;ajr;
aemifvmtqufqufwdk?tay: rlwnfap&rnf??
,ckvdk óuHawmifhóuHcJ ESpf(50)jynfh a&$&wk vGwfvyfa&;ae? tcgrsdK;wGif
EdkifiHawmf. uH-urRmudk jyefvnfqef;ppfygu tvGef0rf;enf;a-uuGJbG,f&mrsm;udk
awG?jrif&ygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&cJh_yD;aemufwGif vGwfvyfa&;eJ?twl ay:aygufvmwJh
0g'a&; yËdyuQ/ vlrsdK;a&; yËdyuQ/ *dk%f;*%yËdyuQrsm;a-umifh
jynwGif;wdk;wufr+rsm;udk qkwf,kwfaponfh tedXm¶Hktm;vHk;wdk?udk
jynfolwdk?tmvHk; tvl;tvJ cHpm;cJh-u&ygw,f? o,HZmwaygºuG,f0vSaom
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr+a&;/
ynma&;ponfwdk?wGif tbufbufrS qHk;¶H+;epfemvsuf wdkif;jynfvnf;
c|wfòcHusvsuf&Sdaeygw,f? ,ckvdk ESpf(50)ajrmuf a&$&wkvGwfvyfa&;ae?rSpI
taxGaxGt-uyftwnf;rsm;udk wufnDvufnD pkaygif;ajz&Sif;rSomvsif vmrnfh (21)&mpk
ESpfavmufY wdk;wufr+ t&dyfta,mif jrifEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f? odk?r[kwfygu aemif
(75)ESpfajrmuf pdef&wkvGwfvyfa&;ae? a&mufonfhwdkifatmif EdkifiH.
qif;&J'kuQtqdk;oHo&monf _yD;qHk;Edkifrnfrxifyg?
odk?ygI EdkifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHom;wdk?. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
az:aqmifEdkif&eftwGuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhwuG
tjcm;aom 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ tm%mydkiftzGJ?tpnf;.
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;wdk?onf
wpfrsdK;om;vHk; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;/ tmCmwuif;pifaom taxGaxG
o[Zmwjzpfa&;rludk a&S?¶+um tjyeftvSef yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;wdk?udk
cdkif_rJpGmpGJudkifI awG?qHkaqG;aEG;!dSEd+if; tajz&Smjcif;onfomvsif
wpfckwnf;aom enf;vrf;jzpfonf[k trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu cdkifrmpGm
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u|efawmfwdk?&J? EdkifiHa&;yef;wdkif[m
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&efukefòrd?
1998 ckESpf/ Zefe00g&Dv(4)&uf?
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