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NLD, Letter to Se: General Than Shw
Subject: NLD, Letter to Se: General Than Shwe and U Ba Htay in Burmese.
Dear,
These are the letters from NLD to General Than Shwe and U Ba Htay
(Chairman of Election comission)on 20.2.1997 and 10.2.1997 regarding
about the repressions upon NLD party.But the letters are in Burmese,pl
change to WWin Burmese font.
odk?§
AdkvfcsKyfrSk;-uD;oef;a±$
OuUX
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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
OD;baX;
OuUX
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
ta-umif;t&m? ? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfudk
zdEdSyfaerSkrsm;
1? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;
Oya't& ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr±SifwGif rSwfykHwifxm;onfh
w&m;0ifzGJ?pnf;vSkyf±Sm;aeaom w&m;0ifEdkifiHa&;tzGJ?pnf;wckjzpfygonf?
2? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif; Oya' tcef; (1) yk'fr=2 (u) t& =
(u) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk
vufcHusifhokH;aeygonf? TtzGJ?csKyfrS a±G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sifodk?
1988 ckESpfuyif ay;ydk?cJhonfh zGJ?pnf;ykH tajccHOya'pnf;rsOf;
(,m,D)ESifh rl0g'oabmxm; rsm; (rl-urf;) t&xif±Sm;aeygonf?
(c) yk'fr=2(c) t& ygwDpkHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJudk (27=5=91)
&ufae?wGifusif;yay;cJhonfh a±G;aumuf yGJwGif ,SOfjydKifta&G;cHcJhI
jynfolv$wfawmfrJqENe,f (485) ae&mteuf (392) ae&mwGif tEdkif&cJhonfh
EdkifiHa&;tzGJ?tpnf;jzpf ygonf?
3? txufygtcsufrsm;t& trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif; Oya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh qef?
usifaeonfhkvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; vkH;0uif;±Sif;aeonfudk
xif±Sm;pGmawG?&ygrnf?
4? ?if;jyif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif; Oya'tcef; (2) yk'fr=3
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ojzifhrSwfykHwifcGifh&±SdjyD;jzpfygonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDwck
,trSwftom;rsm;jzpfaom tvHESifhtzGJ?csKyfqdkif;bkwf/ ±kH;/ taqmuf
tODwdk?onf oufqdkif&mygwDtzGJ?tpnf;.oauFwrsm;jzpf-uygonf? ToauFwrsm;udk
tm%mydkifwdk?u zsufqD;csdK; azgufygv#if w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonfh
EdkifiHa&;tzGJ?tpnf;rsm;. w&m;0ifvkyfief;&yfrsm;udk zsufpD;onfht"dy`g,f
ouf a&mufygonf?
5? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.vkyfief;&yfrsm;ESifhygwfoufI (26=4=91)
&ufae?rSpjyD; rnfonf hudpPrnfodk?raqmif±Guf&/ rnfonfh udpP
rnfodk?rvkyf&[k ta-umif;-um;csufonf
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6? ,ckuJhodk?jyKkvkyfaqmif±Gufjcif;rsm;onf rdrdwdk?jyXmef;xm;aomOya'udk
rdrdwdk?udk,fwdkifcsdK;azguf&ma&mufaeygonf?
jyXmef;xm;onfhOya'ygtcsufrsm;ESifhvkH;0rudkufnDyg?
w&m;Oya'rJh&mvnf;a&mufaeygonf? TuJhodk?aomudpPrsdK;udk
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyftaejzifhvkH;0vufrcHEdkifyg? odk?ygojzifh
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qdkif;bkwfjzKwfcsjcif;/
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wdkufwGef;yg onf?
OuUX
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rdwWL
1? jynfe,f § wdkif;pnf;rsm;
2?
jrdK?e,fpnf;rsm;
rSwfcsuf? ? txufygudpPrsdK;udk oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk?u
vma&mufjyKvkyfaqmif±Gufygu/ tzGJ?csKyf. Tpmudk jyvdkufyg&ef
ta-umif;-um;ygonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf
trSwf(97§ 1)/ taemufa±$*kHwdkifvrf;
A[ef;jrdK?e,f/ &efukefjrdK??
pmtrSwf = 016 § pnf; (a±G;) § 97
ae?pGJ 10 = 2 = 97
odk?§
OD;baX;
OuUX
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jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
ta-umif;t&m? ? w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonfh
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyftay: tm%mykdifrsm;u
enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh uef?owfcsKyfcs,frSkrsm;?
1? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf
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wGifcsrSwfxm;onfh twdtusowfrSwfxm;aom jyXmef;csufrsm;t&/
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,ae?xufwdkif w&m;0if&yfwnfaeEdkifonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf; jzpf
ygonf?
2? (u) EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;ESifhygwfoufI
a±G;aumufyGJaumfr±SifutzGJ?csKyf. OuUXESifhtwGif;a&;rSk;wdk?udk (10=
12= 91) &ufae? (13;00 ) em&DwGifac:,ljyD; / atmufygtwdkif;
ajym-um;cJhonfudk az:jyvdkufygonf?
1? ?if;wdk?rSm =
?ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Siftm;
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm;vHk;ESifhouf qdkifonfh udpP&yfrsm;tm;vHk;
xdef;odrf;ay;a&;ESifh udpP&yftm;vHk;udk/ udkifwG,fay;&ef
EdkifiHawmfjidr0yfydjym;rSkl wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?utm%mukef
v$Jtyfay;jyD;jzpfa-umif;? ESif haumfr±SifOuUXuvnf;=?xdkodk?ajym-um; csuf
rsm;rSmaumfr±SifwzGJ?vkH;.ajym-um;csufjzpfonf? [kajym-um;cJhygonf?
(c) odk?ygaomfvnf;/ ajym-um;csufESifhygwfoufI
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ? taejzifhvnf;aumif;/
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Oya'trSwf (4§88)yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk ausmf vGefaeonfh xkwfjyefcsuf
wpkHw&m w&m;0ifxkwfjyefcJhjcif;r&Sdonfudk owdjyKrSwfom;xm;ygonf?
xdk?a-umifh trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu Oya'ESifh
nD!Gwfjcif;r&Sdaomaumfr&Sif. ajym-um;csufrsm;udk vufcHEdkifp&mta-umif;
r&Sdyg? Oya' yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udkom av;pm;vkdufem&rnfjzpfygonf?
3? 4if;jyif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf. (21= 10= 96) &ufpGJygpmtrSwf
157§pnf;(a±G;)§96 t&/ aumfr&Sifwdk? rSwf wrf;wif&efay;ydk?cJhonfh
aqG;aEG;yGJrSwfwrf;rsm; pmrsufESm (2) wGif a&;om;xm;cJhonfwdk?udkvnf;
jyefvnfaz:xkwf vdkuf ygonf? ?if;wdk?rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf=
(9=10=96) &ufae? (14;00) em&D rS (15;00) em&Dtxd
a±G;aumfyGJaumfr&Sif±kH;wGif tcsKd?tzGJ?0ifyk*~Kdvf}uD;rsm;ESifh
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfrS OuUXESifh tjcm;yk*~Kdvf (2) OD;wdk?
aqG;aEG;cJh-ujcif;jzpfygonf?
?q&mcs,f = uíefawmfwkd? a±G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif[m EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGudk
apmifh-uyf&rSmyg? 'g=rSefrSefuef uef jrefjref_yD;atmifvkyfrSmyg?
uíefawmfwdk?oduQmrxdapcsifyg??
?OD;atmifa±ì= jrefrmjynfrSm EkdifiHa&;ygwDqdkvkd? uíefawmfwdk? (NLD)yJ
a±G;aumfyGJ&vm'fawGeJ? v+yf&Sm; ae&awmh oduQmxdcdkufrcHEdkifyg?
aumfr&SifpwifzGJ?pnf;cJhonfhtcsdefu aumfr&Sifuxkwfjyefxm; csuf&SdcJhyg
onf/ tzGJ?vl}uD;rsm;rSm touft±G,f}uD;jrifholrsm;jzpfI bmudkr#vnf;
ar#mfrSef;csuf rxm;vkdonfrsm; a-umifh oduQm&Sd-uygonf/ 'DvkdoduQm&Sdonfh
yk*d~Kvf}uD;awGeJ? zGJ?xm;onfhtzGJ?rSm (NLD)u rSwfykHwif
xm;cJhonfhtwGufa-umifh uíefawmfwdk?vnf;oduQm&Sd-uygonf??
xkd?a-umifh ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf/
EdkifiHa&;ygwD}uD;rsm;ESifh ygwfoufonfh udpP tm;vkH;udk rSefrSefuefuef
udkifwG,fajz&Sif;ay;&rnfjzpfonf[k trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu
wxpfcs,kH-unfpdwfcsxm; ygonf?
5? ?w&m;0if&yfwnfaeonfh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyftay:
uef?owfwm;jrpfcsufrsm;? [laom ta-umif;t&mjzifh
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu (7=5=96) ae?pGJyg pmtrSwf/
085§pnf;(a±G;)§96t& ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumuf
yGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sifodk?ay;ydk?cJhygonf? TpmESifhygwfoufI (8)vr#
tcsdef-umoGm;ygaomfvnf; ,ae?wdkif jyefpmr&&Sdao; yg? v#pfv#L±+?xm;onf[k
ajymqkd&rnfomjzpfonf? rvkyfoifhrvkyfxdkufyg? jzpfoifhjzpfxdkufonfh
udpP&yf vkH;0r[kwfyg?
6? tqkdygpm. tyk'f (5) tyk'fcGJ (u) (1) ESifh (2) / tyk'fcGJ (c)
tyk'fcGJ (*)/ (1) (2)ESifh (3) / tyk'fcGJ (q) wkd?ESifh ygwfouf
onfhta-umif;t&mrsm;udk ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr±Siftaejzifh av;eufpGm okH;oyfay; &ef/
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu av;eufpGmawmif;qdktyfygonf?
7? ,ae?tajctaeY tm%mydkifwdk?u trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf
tzGJ?cGJrsm;. qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk jzKwfcscdkif;ojzifh jzKwfcs &jcif;ESifh
tzGJ?csKyftzGJ?0ifrsm;tay: pmjzifha&;jyIrukefEdkifavmufaom
ta-umi;ftrsKd;rsKd;jyI uef?owfwm;jrpfcsufrsm;/
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;rsm;/ w&m;pGJqkdjcif;rsm;/
jypf'%fay;jcif;rsm;/ tajrmuftrsm;ay:aygufv#uf±Sdygonf? qdkif;bkwfrsm;
jzKwfcscH&jcif;rsm;ygwfoufI tzGJ?csKyf(A[kd) ofdk? ,ae?txd
a&muf&dSvmonfh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;t&/ pm&if;udk aemufqufwGJ tjzpf
yl;wGJxm;ygonf?
8? (u) qkdif;bkwfrsm;udpPESifhywfoufI 1989 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvu/
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf OuUXESifh taxGaxGtwGif; a&;rª;(2) OD;wdk?
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sif tzGJ?0ifrsm;ESifh
awG?qkHcJh-u_yD;/ atmufygwdk?udk oabmwlcJh_yD;jzpfygonf? 4if;wdk?rSm =
>
(1) jynfe,f§wdkif;ESifh _rdK?e,frsm;wGif qdkif;bkwfrsm;wifxm;Edkifonf?
(2) 1989 ckESpf/Zefe0g&Dv rwdkifrSDu wifxm;cJh_yD;onfh &yf§aus;
qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk qufvufwifxm;&ef?
(3)&yf§aus; qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk rwif&ao;aomfvnf; / qkdif;bkwfwif&ef
oufqdkif&modk? ta-umif;-um;cJh_yD;ygu qdkif;bkwfwifEdkifjcif;
wkd?jzpfygonf?
(c) txufwGif az:jyxm;onfh qdkif;bkwfrsm; jzKwfcscHxm;&jcif;udpP&yfonf/
ToabmwlnDcsufudk azgufzsuf&m a&mufaeygojzifh wpfEdkifiHvkH;wGif
jzKwfcscHxm;&onfh qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk tjrefqkH;jyefvnfwifEdkif&ef
aumfr&Siftaejzifh tjrefqkH; ta&;,laqmif&Gufay;&ef vdkygonf?
tjrefqkH;aqmif±Gufay;yg&ef wdkufwGef;ygonf?
(*) ?if;jyif/ aumfr&SiftzGJ?csKyfwdk? ESpfOD;ESpfzuf
oabmwlnDxm;_yD;onfht&/ oufqdkif&m tm%mydkiftzGJ?tpnf; toD; oD;wkd?odk?
tzGJ?csKyfrS qdkif;bkwfrsm;udk jzKwfrcsap&efvnf;/ wduspGm
!$ef-um;ay;apvdkygonf/ tm%mykdifrsm;qdkonfrSm tqifhqifhaom
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wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJ?rsm; jzpf-uygonf?
9? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm; tqifhqifhaom OD;aqmiftzGJ?rsm;tm;
(26=4=91) &ufae?wGif wnf±Sdonfhtiftm;twdkif;
omxm;±Sd&efESifhwdk;csJzGJ?pnf;jcif;rsm;rjyKvkyf-u&ef (28=8=91)
&ufae?wGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa±G;aumuf yGJusif;y a&;aumfr±Sifu/
aemufa-umif;jyefI EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;odk? ta-umif;-um;cJhygonf?
xdk?jyifOD;aqmiftzGJ?0if (5)OD; xufav#mhenf;oGm;ygu
,if;tzGJ?tpnf;rsm;onf ysufys,f&rnf[kvnf; uef?owfcJhjyefygonf? A[dkrStp
&yf§aus; t zGJ?tpnf;rsm;txd OD;aqmiftzGJ?0if(5) OD;rjynfhawmhygv#if
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf (XmecsKyf)odk?yif today;t
a-umif;-um;jcif;r±SdyJ/ wcsufv$wftrdef?jzifh zsufodrf;ypfonftxd
ta&;,ljcif;rsm;&Sdygonf? TudpP&yfonf w&m;0if&yf wnf
cGifhjyKjyD;onfhtzGJ?csKyfudk EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'
tcef; (2) yk'fr 3 wGif jyXmef;xm;onfhtcsufrsm;t&/ y,f
zsufjcif;rjyKonfhtwGufa-umifh tjcm;enf;y&d,m,fudk toHk;jyKjcif;
jzpfonf[k,lqygonf?
10? txl;ojzifh {&m0wDwdkif;twGif;wGif oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk?u
Elwfjzifhomtrdef?trsdK;rsdK;ay;I Oya'rJhudpPrsm;pGm udk vkyfaeygonf?
tm%mydkifwdk?. trdef?n$ef-um;csufrsm;udk pmjzifhw&m;0ifxkwfay;yg&ef
tzGJ?csKyftzGJ?0ifrsm;uajym -um;aomfvnf;/ ray;onfhtjyif
Oya'rJhvkyfcdkif;onfudk rvkdufemygu tm%mzdqefonf/ jynfol?0efxrf;u wm0ef
0wW &m;xrf;aqmifonfudk [ef?wm;aESmuf,Sufonf[k wzufowfpGwfqGJjyD;/
w&m;pGJqdkI tjypfay;jcif;rsdK;wdk?vnf;&Sdae-u ygonf? TudpPESifhygwfoufI
tzGJ?csKyfu EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?odk? (6=2=97)
&ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 014§pnf; (jidrf)§97 jzifh ay;ydk?cJhjyD;jzpfygonf?
TpmrdwWLudkay;ydk?ygonf?
11? TuJhodk?aom uef?owfydwfyifwm;jrpfEdkifcGifhudk
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?. Oya'trSwf 4§88 jzpf aom ?
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'? wGifvnf;aumif;/ Oya'trSwf 1§88
jzpfaom ?ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sif?
wGifvnf;aumif;/ vkyfydkifcGifhtm%mray;xm;onfudk awG?&Sd&ygonf?
Oya't&tm%m tyfESif;xm;jcif;r&SdyJ xkwfjyefxm;aomtrdef?/ n$ef-um;csuf/
ta-umif;-um;pm ponfwdk?onf twnfrjzpfojzifh Oya' t&w&m;r0ifyg?
12? Oya'trSwf 1§88 jzpfaom ?ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr±SifOya'? ed'gef;Y ?jynf
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJudk
atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjymr+wnf
aqmufa&;tzGJ?onf atmufygOya'udkjyXmef;vkdufonf?[k
qdkxm;jcif;a-umifhvnf;aumif;/ Oya'trSwf 4§88jzpfaom ?EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;
rSwfykwifjcif;Oya'? ed'gef;Y ?ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJudk
atmifjrifpGmusif;y jyKvkyfEdkif&ef
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?onf atmufygOya'udk
jyXmef;vkdufonf??[k qdkxm;jcif;a-umifhvnf;aumif; (26=4=90) &ufae?wGif
wnf&Sdaeonfh tif;tm;twdkif;twmxm;&Sd&rnf[k aumfr&Sifu
ta-umif;-um;jcif;onf/ vkyf ydkifcGifhr&Sdonfhtjyif a±G;aumufyGJudk
atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkif&efqdkonfESifh rnfodk?r#
vkH;0oufqdkifjcif;r&Sdyg? tb,fa-umifh qdkaomf tqdkyguef?owfcsufrsm;onf
a±G;aumufyGJusif;y_yD;pD;onfhaemuf (1) ESpfausmfrS
xGufay:vmjcif;a-umifhjzpfyg onf? wrifoufouf uef?oufcsKyfcs,fvkdonfh
oabmxm;rSty/ tjcm;rnfonfh &nf±G,fcsufrSr!
&dSj
zpfaeygonf? o abmxm;rrSef[kqdk&ygrnf? ?if;tjyif
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?u jrefrmEdkifiHudk ppfrSefaom
ygwDpkH'Drdku a&pDEdkifiHtjzpf wnfaqmufrnf[kqdkonft&/
'Drdkua&pdEdkifiHqdkv#if EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;
&Sd-u&rnfjzpfygonf? pnf;&kH;v+yf&Sm;Edkifaom
EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;r&Sdygv#if 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH[k
ac:qdkEkdifrnfr[kwfyg?
13? EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?. Oya'trSwf 6§88 jzpfaom
?toif;tzGJ?rsm; zGJ?pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'? yk'fr 2(c)wGif=
?EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJ?qdkonfrSm EkdifiHa&;t,l0g'wckcktay:wGif tajccHI
EkdifiHa&;pnf;&kH;v+yf&Sm;r+udk w enf;enf;jyKaom toif;tzGJ?udkqdkvdkonf?
[k jyXmef;xm;onfudk txl;owdjyKoifhygonf? EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;
EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' wckckay:wGiftajccHI wenf;enf;jzifh
EdkifiHa&;pnf;&kH;v+yf&Sm;cGifhjyKxm;jcif;onf/ Oya'u ay;xm;aom
tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfygonf? TjyXmef;csufESifhtnD pnf;&kH;v+yf&Sm;Edkif&ef
trsKd;om;'Drkdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf pwifzGJ?pnf;pOfuyif/
?zGJ?pnf;ykHtajccHpnf;rsOf; (,m,D)ESifh rl0g'oabmxm;rsm; (rl-urf;)?udk
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&; aumfr±Sifodk?
w&m;0ifay;ydk?cJh_yD;jzpfygonf? TtcsufESifh
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr±Sif. (22=3=89)
ae?pGJyg a-ujimcsuftrSwf (245)ESifh qufpyfI okH;oyf&efvdkygvdrRnf?
14? EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?. Oya'trSwf 4§88 jzpfaom
?EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'? yk'fr 2 (u)
wGif=?EdkifiHa&;ygwDqdkonfrSm ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom
tzGJ?tpnf;udkqdkvdkonf?[lI jy Xmef;xm;onfudkvnf;/
av;pm;vkdufemoifhygonf? ppfrSefaom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDudkvufcHusifhokH;aom
tzGJ?tpnf;wGif ,if;tzGJ?tpnf;. pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;t&/
tzGJ?0iftiftm;rsm;pkaqmif;jcif;/ wm0efay;tyfjcif;/ wm0efrS z,f&Sm;jcif;/
tzGJ?cGJrsm;udk pepfwuszGJ?pnf;jcif;/ pnf;&kH;v+yf&Sm;jcif;wdk?udk
vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufcGifh&Sd-uygonf? ,if;odk? aqmif&GufEdkif&ef Oya'u
tyfESif;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf?
15? (u) xdk?tjyif (13=2=92) &ufae?pGJyg/
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ? trdef? (trdef?trSwf 5§92)
jzpf aom ?atmufajcygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus
zGJ?pnf;Edkifjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif ygwD0iftrnfpm&if;udkyif
az:jyay;ydk?Edkif jcif;r&Sdaom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;tm;
zsufodrf;onfhtrdef?? udk xkwfjyefcJhygonf? ,if;trdef?wGif atmufajcygwD
tzGJ?tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus zGJ?pnf;Edkifjcif;r&Sdonfudkvnf;aumif;
ygwD0iftrnfpm&if;udkvnf; az:jyay;ydk?Edkifjcif;r&Sdonf udkvnf;aumif;
pDppfawG?&Sd&ojzifh qufvuf&yfwnfcGifhrjyKoifh[k oabm&&Sdyga-umif;/
ygwDpkH'Drdk ua&pDtaxGaxGa±G; aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sif.
wifjycsufESifhtnDqdk_yD; ygwDtzGJ?tpnf; (6) ck udk zsufodrf;cJhygonf?
(c) (10=3=92) &ufpGJjzifh
EdkifiHawmf_idrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?trdef? (trdef?pmtrSwf 7§92)
jzpfaom EkdifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ?tpnf;tcsKd?tm; zsufodrf;onf?trdef?udk
xkwfjyefcJhygonf/ ,if;trdef?wGif ?tcsKd?aomEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;
onf/ udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKd? a±G;aumufwifajr?mufcH&jcif;udkta-umif;jyI
rdrdwdk?&yfwnfr+onf udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;aumuf
wifajr?mufcH&r+tay:rlwnfaeonf[k,lq[ef&Sd_yD;/ ygwD.pnf;&kH;a&;udk
v#pfv#L±+?xm;-uonfudk pDppfawG?&Sd&ygojzifh qufvuf&yfwnfcGifhrjyKoifh[k
oabm&&Sdyga-umif; ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr±Sif. wifjy csufESifhtnDqdkjyD; ygwDtzGJ?tpnf; (9)
cktm;zsufodrf;cJhjyefonf?
(*) Todk?aqmif±Gufaejcif;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm;
y,fzsufjcif;ESifhygwfoufI EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif; Oya' .
tcef; (3) yk'fr (6)wGif ?a±G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rjyKrDS
rSwfykHwifcGifh&&SdjyD;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckonf/ yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (u)
(c) (*) (C) odk?r[kwf (i) wGifaz:jyxm;onfh tzGJ?tpnf;w&yfjzpfa-umif;
aumfr&SifrSawG?&Sdv#if rSwfykHwifcGifhjyKcJhjcif;udk y,fzsuf&rnf? [k
jyXmef;xm;csufrSwyg;/ tjcm;aomta-umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh y,fzsufcGifh
r&SdIw&m;r0ifyg?
(C) tqdkygtrdef?rsm;t&yif/ ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;onf
ygwDpnf;&kH;a&;rsm;udkjyKvkyfEdkifjcif;/ atmufajcygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm; udk
pepfwus zGJ?pnf;Edkifjcif;/ ygwD0iftrnfpm&if;rsm;
jyKpkEdkifjcif;wkd?ukdvkyfydkifcGifh&Sda-umif;xif&Sm;aeygonf?
(i) ,if;vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhtnD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf
aqmif&Gufygaomfvnf;/ oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifwdk?u ydwf yifwm;jrpfaejyD;/
tzGJ?csKyftzGJ?cGJrsm;udk
enf;trsdK;rdsK;jzifht-uyfudkifzsufodrf;aeygonf?
TuJhodk?jyKvkyfaejcif;onf vkH;0w &m;r0ifonfhtjyif
w&m;rJh&mvnf;a&mufaeygonf?
16? txufygOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;/ a-ujimcsufrsm;/ ajymqdkcsufrsm;t&
EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;wckjzpfonfh trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfonf/
rdrd.tqifhqifhaomOD;aqmiftzGJ?tpnf;rsm;udk ygwDwGif;pnf;rsOf;pnfurf;rsm;
t&tcsdeftcg ra&G; vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnfjyifqifI zGJ?pnf;EdkifcGifh/
jznfhpGufEdkifcGifh/ pnf;±kH;EdkifcGifh&Sdygonf? (28=8=91)
&ufae?pGJjzifh ta-umif;-um; pmonf/
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r+wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?.
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr±Sif Oya'/
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'wdk?ESifhvHk;0ukdufnDjcif;r&Sdyg?
17? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;onf/ rdrdygwDwGif;csrSwfxm;onfh
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;t& A[kdtvkyftr+aqmiftzGJ?rS tp
&yf§aus;tzGJ?tpnf;rsm;txd vkdtyfygv#if jyefvnfzGJ?pnf;Edkifjcif;/
ygwD0iftopfvufcHEdkifjcif;/ ygwDtwGuftusKd;jyK rnfh
vdktyfonfhtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;zGJ?pnf;Edkifjcif; tp&Sdonfwdk?twGuf
vkyfydkifcGifhvkH;0&Sdygonf? vl?obm0ed,mrw&m;;t& ajymif;vJwdk;wufr+/
qkwf,kwfr+rsm;&Sdaernfjzpfygonf?
Tonfwdk?udkjyKjyifjyifqif&rnfomjzpfygonf? odk?aqmif&Gufjcif;
r&SdyguysufjyKef;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf?
Tonfrsm;udkygwDwGif;jyKjyifjyifqifjcif;rjyK&[k ydwfyifwm;jrpf
xm;jcif;onf ysuf jyKef;oGm;aprnfh&nf&G,fcsufrSty
tjcm;ta-umif;tcsufr&Sdyg? odk?aomf owdjyK&rnfrSm trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ?csKyf onf owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;onfhOya't& rSwfykHwifxm;jyD;
w&m;0if&yfwnfv#uf&Sdaeaom a&G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolv$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrsm;pk
tEdkif&&Sdxm;onfhEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ?jzpfaejcif;yifjzpfygonf?
18? trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf.w&m;0ifvkyfaqmuf&rnfhaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
udkuef?owfwm;qD;ae&kHomr tzGJ?csKyf.
jynfol?v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;udkvnf; ta-umif;trsdK;rdsK;jy
tjypftrdsK;rdsK;&Sm-uHI twif;t"rRESkwfxGufapcdkif; aeyg onf?
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSkwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?onf (31=5=89) &ufae?pGJyg
Oya'trSwf (14§89 ) t& ygwDpkH 'Drdku a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk
atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkif&ef jynfol?v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ
Oya'udkjyXmef;cJhygonf? ,if;Oya' . tcef; (2)/ yk'fr (3)t&/
?v$wfawmfudkrJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajrSufvdkufaom
v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ?pnf;&rnf? [kjyXmef;xm;ygonf?
,if;jyXmef;csufESifhtnD jynfol?v$wfawmfudk ac:,lzGJ?pnf;ay;& rnfhtpm;
rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku ?if;wkd?. tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifrSkt&
a&G;aumufwifajr?mufay;vdkufaom jynfol? v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm;/
enf;rsdK;pkHjzifhESkwfxGufapcdkif;jcif;onf rdrdxkwfjyefxm;onfh Oya'udk
rdrd csdK;azgufaeonfh o¾efa&mufaeygonf?
19? ?if;jyifEdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSkwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?. (27=7=90)
&ufpGJyg a-ujimcsuftrSwf (1§90) tyk'f= 12 wGif vnf;/ txufaz:jycJhonfh
Oya'ygjyXmef;cskufESifhtnD/ ?=== v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ?pnf;jcif;udk
EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSkwnf aqmufa&;tzGJ?uaqmuf&Gufay;rnf===?
[ktwdtvif;a-ujimxm;ygaomfvnf; ,ae?xufwdkif jynfol?v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJ
Oya' t&vnf;aumif;/ a-unmcsuftrSwf (1 § 90) t&vnf;aumif;/
uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfhudpP&yfrsm; ay:aygufvmjcif;r&Sdao;onfrSm
txl;yifroifhav#mfaomudpPjzpfaeygonf?
20? jyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;t&/ ?jynfo?lv$wfawmf? [lonfomjzpfygonf? ?
wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmf? r[kwfqdkonf rSm xif&Sm;aeygonf? ?jynfol?v$wfawmf?
qdkonfrSmvnf; EdkifiHawmftusdK;twGufvdktyfaom Oya'rsm;udka&;qGJjyXmef;
ay;&efESifh wdkif;jynftwGufvdktyfonfh
tjcm;aompDrHcef?cGJa&;udpPwdk?udkaqmif&Guf&ef jynfolvlxkua&G;aumufwif
ajr?mufay;vdkufaom jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh
zGJ?pnf;xm;onfhtzGJ?tpnf;jzpfygonf? ?wdkif;jynfjyKv$wf awmf?qdkonfrSm
EdkifiHawmftwGuf vkdtyfaomzGJ?pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'w&yfudk
a&;qGJay;&onfhtzGJ?tpnf;jzpfyg onf? jynfolv$wfawmfxuftqifhedrhfygonf?
odk?ygojzifh ?jynfol?v$wfawmf?[k Oya'jyXmef;jyD;rS ?wkdif;jynfjyKv$wf
awmf? w&yfuJhodk? jyKusifhaejcif;onf Oya'udk csdK;azguf&ma&mufaeygonf?
21? EkdifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rSkwnfaqmufa&;tzGJ?uxkwfjyefxm;onfh
Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;t& trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyf onf
w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udkvdkufemv#uf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif Oya'ygjyXmef;csuf rsm;t&
a&G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOfjydKifta&G;cHcJhygonf? usif;yay;cJhonfhrJqENe,f
(485) ae&mrsm;rS (81) &mcdkifESkef;cef? tzGJ?csKyfu tEdkif&cJhygonf?
rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku rnfr#twdkif;twmtxd axmufcHvdkufonfrSm
xif&Sm;vSayonf? wcJeufaxmufcHvkdufjcif;jzpfygonf? odk?aomf
a&G;aumufyGJudk (27=5=90) &ufae?uuskif;yay;cJhjyD; ,ae? qdkv#if tcsdef
umvtm;jzifh (7)ESpfeD;yg&SdcJhaomfvnf; jynfol?v$wfawmfudk
ac:,lzGJ?pnf;ay;jcif;r&Sdao;onfhtjyif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyGJ tpD&ifcHpmyifv#if ay:xGufrvmjcif;rSm
txl;rvdkvm;zG,f&mudpP jzpfaeygonf?
22? uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;u
aqmif&Gufay;rSkr&Sdjcif;/ xGufay:jyD;jzpfae&rnfh a&G;
aumufyGJtpD&ifcHpmxGufay:vmrSkr&Sdjcif;onf
jrefrmEdkifiHuvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onfh vlrSktcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m ukvo
r*~tzGJ?cskyf. urmB?t"dXmefjyK a-ujimpmwef; tyk'f = 21
udkcsdK;azgufaeygonf? owdjyK&efaxmufjyvdkonfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH onf
ukvor*~tzGJ? rdom;pktcsif;csif;vdkufem&rnfh
pnf;urf;rsm;udkvdkufem-u&rnfjzpfygonf?
23? usif;yay;cJhonfh ygwDpkHtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJonf vGwfvyfw&m;r#wonfh
a&G;aumufyGJ[kajuG;a-umfcJhvifhupm;
a&G;aumufyGJtpD&ifcHpmay:aygufvmrSkr&Sdao;jcif;/ jynfol?v$wfawmfw&yfudk
ac:,lay;jcif;rsm;r&Sdao;ygaomfvnf; a&G;
aumufyGJwGiftEdkif&&SdonftrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfrSjynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk
tm%mydkifwdk?u&efolrsm; ozG,f
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xGufcdkif;aeygonf? rdrdwdk?tm;rJqENay;cJh onfh
rJqEN&SifjynfolvlxkESifhyif aqG;aEG;cGifhray;yg? tcsKyftjcmtm%monf/
jynfol?xHrSqif;oufonf[laomrludk vHk;0 csdK;zsufvdkufjcif;yifjzpfygonf?
24? jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf ESkwfxGufvdkonfh/
rESkwfxGufvdkonfhudpPrsm;rSm jynfol?v$wfawmfw&yf ay: aygufvmjyD;
v$wfawmfOuUXxHwifjyIv$wfawmf.tqHk;tjzwfudkcH,ljyD;rSomaqmif&GufEdkifjcif;jzpf&ygrnf?
ygwDpkH'Drdkua& pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf
jynfol?v$wfawmfw&yfr[kwfygojzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku v$wfvyf
Iw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJrSa&G;aumufwifajr?mufay;vdkufaom
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ESkwfxGuf onf
[kv$wfawmf.qHk;jzwfcsufr&SdyJ/ a-unmcsufrsm;rxkwfEdkif[k
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu oabmxm;ygonf?
tm%mydkifwdk?ujcdrf;ajcufrSk/ t-uyfudkifrSktrsdK;rsdK;wdk?jzifh
twif;t-uyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif;jyD;/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajr?muf cHxm;&oltjzpfrS Eskwf
xGufcGifhjyKvkdufa-umif;a-unmjcif;onf Oya't&w&m;r0ifyg?
tm%mydkifwdk?uenf;rsdK;pkHtokH;jyKaejcif; ESifhygwfoufI
pmjzifh&Sif;vif;atmifa&;jyI rukefEdkifonfhtajctae[kqdk&ygrnf?
w&m;Oya'rJhjyKvkyfaeonfhudpP &yfrsm;jzpfygonf!
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25? tusOf;csKyfaz:jyygv#if txl;ojzifh 1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ
ESifhywfoufonfh jrefrmordkif;onf/ tvGefyifnpfax; aeygonf?
oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;pOf;pm;&efjzpfygonf?
oufqdkif&mjynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpmvS,frsm;udk jcdrf;ajcufjyD;
xGufcdkif;±kHru/ 4if;wdk?.rdom;pkrsm;ESifhxuG/ aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;udkyg
jcdrf;ajcmufrSkjyKvkyfaeonfrSm &efolwpfOD;wpfa,muf tm;qufqHrSkxufyif
qdk;0g;vSygonf? xkd?jyif 1996 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvu tzGJ?csKyfwnfaxmifonfh
(8) ESpfajrmufae? wGif
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpmvS,ftcsdK?udkjypfrSkusK;vGefolrsm;ozG,f
vufxdyfcwfIzrf;qD;cJhygonf? tHh-ozG,faumif; onfh
udpPw&yfrSmtjcm;EdkifiHa&; ygwDtzGJ?tpnf;rsm;rS
jynfol?v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk tzGJ?csKyf. jynfol?v$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;uJhodk? jcdrf;ajcmufrSkr&Sdjcif;/
ESkwfxGufapcdkif;rSkr&Sdjcif;/ ta&;r,ljcif;wdk?jzpfygonf? w&m;r#wrSk
r&Sd onfrSm ay:vGifxif&Sm;vSygonf?
26? txufwGifaz:jycJhonfhudpP&yftm;vHk;udk &Sif;vif;ay;&efrSm
oduQm&SdpGm&yfwnfaeaom ygwDpkH 'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif wGifvHk;0wm0ef&Sdonf[k
trdskkK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ?csKyfu oabmxm;ygonf? odk?ygojzifh T
pmwGifa&;om;az:jyxm;onfh udpPt&yf&yfwdk?udkvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ?csKyfu
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