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S'porenet: July 9, 1995 [#1]



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What follows is the first issue of S'porenet, which should be of some 
interest to BurmaNet readers given the frequency with which the leaders 
of the SLORC and Singapore cross paths.  If you would like to subscribe 
to Sporenet, please send me a note.

   --Strider

**************************************************
S'porenet: The Singapore Free Press on the Internet
**************************************************

Issue #1
July 9, 1995

NOTED IN PASSING:

          I'm told [repression] is like making love-it's always
          easier the second time.
               Lee Kuan Yew  <See LKY: IN HIS OWN WORDS>

--------------------------------------------
Contents:

SPORENET: INTRODUCTION TO SPORENET
SPORENET: ON HANGING LEE KUAN YEW
RCB [SINGAPORE]: LISTING FOR KOKANG SINGAPORE PTE LTD
ONCB [THAILAND]: MEMO REGARDING LO HSING HAN
LINTNER: EXCERPTS FROM "REBEL ARMIES AND OTHER ANTI-GOVERNMENT
          GROUPS IN BURMA"
NEW YORK TIMES: SAFIRE--"THE HANGING OF FLOR"
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW THE ISD WORKS
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW THE COURT WORKS
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW TORTURE WORKS
SCS: FUCK RAMOS
SCS: PROPOSAL FOR SOC.CULTURE.SINGAPORE.POLITICS
REUTERS: BURMESE LEADERS TO VISIT SINGAPORE
NEW YORK TIMES: INTERNET IN ASIA
REUTERS: SINGAPORE, BURMA AGREE TO BOOST TRADE TIES
DEVAN NAIR : THE QUESTION OF POWER......
SCS: CENSORSHIP ON INTERNET
SCS: INFORMATION CONTROL
SCS: TO CATCH A TARTAR BAN

--------------------------------------------
 
SPORENET: INTRODUCTION TO SPORENET

SPORENET is an occasional newsletter about Singapore that will
distributed over the Internet.  Included in it will be articles from 
major news media, Internet newsgroups like soc.culture.singapore and
some original material.  It will distributed via the SPORENET-L 
mailing list, the soc.culture.singapore newsgroup and, at
temporarily, to the seasia-l mailing list.  For a free subscription
to Sporenet, send an email message to: strider@xxxxxxxxxxx


SPORENET is modelled on the BurmaNet News, and as that publication
does, SPORENET will carry a range of material, including articles
either critical or supportive of the regime.  Submissions and
letters to the editor will also be carried regardless of the
political views espoused.  Please address them to: 

     strider@xxxxxxxxxxx

If you want your name to be withheld, please send it to Sporenet
through the anon remailer in Finland or indicate your desire at the
beginning of your letter.


*********************************************
SPORENET: ON HANGING LEE KUAN YEW
July 4, 1995

The following unkindness is attributed to the poet Goethe:

     I am a simple man.  All that I require to secure my
     happiness is the coldest of milk, a cottage with a 
     thatched roof and some tall trees to shade my lawn.
     But, if God should grant me a vision of my true
     happiness, then I should like to see six of seven
     of my worst enemies hanged from those trees.  For,
     while the Bible says we must forgive our enemies
     ---and that is good---it does not say they must be
     forgiven before they are hanged.
     
In this spirit of Christian forgiveness, I should like to see Lee
Kuan Yew hanged.

Singapore's authorities correctly reason that those who traffic in
narcotics are a danger to Singaporean society and for this, must
hang.  The same authorities correctly reason that strict banking
secrecy laws and an uncurious approach to money laundering will
encourage people to bank their money on the island.  These are
rational policy decisions from a Singaporean point of view.  From an
American point of view however, those who launder the proceeds of
the narcotics industry--and those who protect the launderers--are at
least as much threat to American society.



There are many reasons not to hang a person; that it is unjust, 
unwise or inhumane.  As a general rule, I will accept that it
probably is wrong to hang another person for any reason but the
Senior Minister strongly advocates the practice for those
responsible for the narcotics industry.  While I do not agree with
him in principal, I suppose if it must be used then we shouldn't
object if it is tried out on him.

Some people, thinking all executions inhumane, would still object to
hanging anyone, including Mr. Lee.  However, these sorts of groups,
Amnesty International for example, have been banned in Singapore by
Mr. Lee, and their views need detain us no more than they do him.

Now, before Mr. Lee can be held punished for policies that aid the
narcotics industry, it would of course be necessary to establish his
responsibility.  Fortunately, Singapore is not run democratically so
determining responsibility for any specific policy is simplified. 
The policy in question is pretty clearly assignable, first to Senior
Minister Lee and now to his hand picked successor, Mr. Goh.

The charge on the table is that Singaporean officials allow some people to profit from the same trade that
others hang for.  In his and Singapore's defense, Mr. Lee could argue that Singapore adopted a  law against
money laundering a few years ago.  True enough, but in the years since the law was adopted, Singapore's
authorities have been able to find no laundered drug money.  One factor contributing to their inability to
find any could be that they haven't even launched any investigations.

This lack of curiosity on drug related matters contrasts strongly with what happened to  Prof. Christopher
Lingle.  Lingle, an American academic working in Singapore,  published an article in the Oct. 7
International Herald Tribune  in which he wrote that some Asian governments use "a compliant judiciary to
bankrupt  opposition politicians." Singaporean authorities filed charges and took
less than a week to locate and seize the thirty thousand dollars in
his university provident fund.

Mr. Lee might argue that the unequal success in rooting out
political crimes is simply because there are no signs of drug money
laundering in Singapore.  If Mr. Lee's police are looking for signs,
they might start with the one at #15 Hoe Chiang Road #03-01A, the
Sanford Building. The sign itself is a tip-off: "Kokang Singapore
Pte. Ltd." Kokang is a region in Burma's Golden Triangle where most
of the world's heroin is produced.  

Signs can be misleading, but a look at the firm's ownership should
set off further alarms.  Stephan Law (aka Htun Myint Naing) who owns
the company in partnership with a Singaporean, is the son of Lo
Hsing Han.  Mr Lo is many things to many people.  To Olive Yang, the
lesbian Kokong opium warlord who gave Lo his start in the 1950s, Lo
was a cigarette boy. To the generals who run Burma, he is an "ethnic
leader" and "respected elder statesman."  To the American Drug
Enforcement Administration, Lo is one of the foremost narcotics
traffickers in the world with an operation larger than Khun Sa's. 
To many of the mules who carry a few kilos through Changi airport,
he is simply the boss.

It may be mere linksmanship to suppose that, like father, like son--
-even in Asia.  Still, Mr. Law does seem to be involved in some
rather expensive projects that might justify a greater curiosity on
the part of Singapore's police.  For example, Mr. Law was listed in
Burma's state-run paper, The New Light of Myanmar, as the Project
Manager of the two multi-million dollar hotels going up in Rangoon,
including the Shangri-La Trader's.  The two Shangri-La hotels are
being put up by the Robert Kuok Group out of Singapore, but a senior
Burmese official has confirmed that the ownership is Burmese; and
specifically Mr. Law.  A Western narcotics official has confirmed
that Mr. Law is believed to be involved in narcotics trafficking and
a memo from the Thai Office of Narcotics Control Board also refers
to involvement in his father's affairs.

Mr. Lo's business activities in Singapore are not unique.  According
to one well placed analyst

     "most druglords in the Golden Triangle launder and invest their money Singapore because it has the
     strictest bank secrecy laws in Asia. Many druglords from Burma also send their children to school in
     Singapore (and pay the school fees with drug money)."

Among the latter is presumably Mr. Lin Mingxian.  Mr. Lin is the
warlord of one of the drug armies in northern Burma which is being
allowed a free hand by the Burmese government to produce and export
opium products.  Mr. Lin travels freely through Changi airport when
he flies in from Rangoon to visit his children who are enrolled in
Singaporean schools.  

Unlike Mr. Lin, Angel Mou Poi Peng was stopped on her way through
Singapore and arrested for carrying 4.1 kg. of heroin in 1991.  Four
kilos is a great deal of heroin, but small change compared to Mr. Lo
and Mr. Lin (and it may have even been their product in the first
place).  Ms. Peng, a shop girl from Macau worked as a courier
because she wanted the money for her nine year old son's education.
She might be forgiven for her motive at least, but wasn't.  She was
twenty four when she was hanged by Singaporean officials in January
of this year.

Singaporean officials can be forgiven for their laxness on drug
money laundering as it is a lucrative and tempting business.  Mr.
Lee can also be forgiven his part in drafting Singapore's policies
as he has helped make Singapore rich and safe.  But it is his self-
rightiousness about hanging young mothers like Ms. Peng and Mrs.
Contemplacion that induces a desire to see Mr. Lee hanged before he
is forgiven.

  --Strider

******************************************
ONCB: MEMO REGARDING LO HSING HAN

TO:  XXXXXX
FROM: WEEKOON NITHIMATRAKUL, ONCB [OFFICE OF NARCOTICS CONTROL
BOARD]

FAMILY NAME: LO
NAME: HSING HAN
SEX: MALE
NATIONALITY: BURMESE
ORIGIN: CHINESE
ADDRESS: SHAN STATE, BURMA
PROFESSION: JEWELRY TRADER
CRIMINAL RECORD: 1973 ARRESTED BY THAI GOVERNMENT FOR THE CHARGE OF
TREASON TO BURMESE GOVERNMENT. RECEIVED EXECUTION PUNISHMENT BY THE
BURMESE GOVERNMENT BUT RELEASED IN JUNE 19080 BY AMNESTY.

PERSONS INVOLVED: -BRIG. GEN KIN YUNT, THE SUPPORTER
                    -LO HSING MIN, THE YOUNGER BROTHER AND CO-WORKER
SUMMARY INVOLVEMENT:     DRUG TRAFFICKER IN GOLDEN TRIANGLE.  HELPED
BURMESE GOVERNMENT IN FIGHTING WITH COMMUNIST PARTY OF BURMA.  IN
1973, REFUSED TO DISBAND HIS OWN FORCE ASKED BY BURMESE GOVERNMENT
AND DECLARED TO BE THE ENEMY.  THEN JOINED OTHER GROUPS ESTABLISHED
AN INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENT.  JAN, 1987.  SEND HIS SON FROM TONGYI,
BURMA TO CONTACT GEN. LEE IN CHIENGMAI TO NEGOTIATE CEASED FIRE
BETWEEN WA AND KHUN SA. FEB, 1993 RECEIVED PRIVILEGE FROM BRIG. GEN.
KIN YUNT.  TO SMUGGLE HEROIN FROM KOKANG GROUP TO TACHELEK WITHOUT
INTERCEPTION.
*************************
Director, Narcotics Law Enforcement Div. ONCB
Fax 662 2468526



********************************************
RCB-SINGAPORE: LISTING FOR KOKANG SINGAPORE PTE LTD
Registry of Companies and Businesses
10 Anson Road #05/15 International Plaza, Singapore 0207
Computer Information (Business Profile)

The following are the brief particulars of:
Kokang Singapore Pte LTD
Reg No: 199304745G  Date of Reg: 22/07/1993

Type of Co: Limited Exempt Private Company

Principal activity(ies):
1) Engage in general trading activities in goods/products of all
kinds/descriptions
2) Manuf Industries NEC

Capital - Authorised     v/share   currency
1) 5,000,000.00          1.00 Singapore dollar

Issued:-       Ordinary  Preference     Others    v/share   currency
1)             2.00 0.00      0.00 1.00 Singapore dollar

Paid-up:- Ordinary  Preference     Others    v/share   currency
1)             0.00 0.00      0.00 1.00 Singapore dollar

Reg'd Office: 15 Hoe Chiang Road #03-01A Sanford Building (0208)

Date of last AGM: 27/01/95    Date of last AR: 27/01/95
Date of a/c laid at last AGM: 30/09/94

Charges(s): NIL

Officer(s):
1) Name:  Ng Sop Hong
IC/Passport No:     S1481823F Nationality: Singaporean
Address:  30 Lim Tua Tow Rd (1954)
Date of APPT: 1) 22/07/93          Position: Director  

2) Name: Htun Myint Naing [alias] Steven Law
IC/Passport No: 131207             Nationality: Myanmar
Address: 30 Lim Tua Tow Road (1954)
Date of APPT: 1) 22/07/93          Position: Director  


Shareholders:
(Transfers which take place after the last AR lodged are not
reflected.  Registratoin numbers prefixed with UF or RCB are numbers
allotted b y RCB for purposes of identification.)



1) Name:  Ng Sop Hong
IC/Passport No:     S1481823F Nationality: Singaporean
Address:  30 Lim Tua Tow Rd (1954)
Ordinary  Preference     Others    v/share   currency
               0.00 0.00      0.00 1.00 Singapore dollar

2) Name: Htun Myint Nain g [alias] Steven Law
IC/Passport No: 131207             Nationality: Myanmar
Address: 30 Lim Tua Tow Road (1954)
Ordinary  Preference     Others    v/share   currency
          0.00 0.00      0.00 1.00 Singapore dollar



The above information is updated to ten days from 28/02/95.
Please note that the information contained herein is extracted from
forms filed with the registry.

/signed/
Mahaswari D/O Lethuhanan
For registter of companies and Businesses
Republic of Singapore
Receipt Number: A358453





********************************************
LINTNER: EXCERPTS FROM "REBEL ARMIES AND OTHER ANTI-GOVERNMENT
          GROUPS IN BURMA"

Some of the gentlemen mentioned in the article preceding are
identified at length in a recent book by Bertil Lintner.  These
excerpts are from APPENDIX 3: Rebel Armies and Other Anti-Government
Groups in Burma ["Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1948"
by Bertil Lintner.  Westview Press. 1994.]

     National Democratic Alliance Army, Military and Local
     Administration Committee, Eastern Shan State (the former 815
     War Zone north of Kengtung in eastern Shan State), led by Lin
     Mingxian (Sai Leun or Sai Lin) and Zhang Zhiming (Kyi Myint).
     Strength: 3,500-4,000.  Not the biggest, but the best-organized
     drug trafficking organisation inside Burma today.  Closely
     connected with mainland Chinese intelligence.
     Kokang Revolutionary Force (KRF): A local insurgent group based
     in the Chinese-dominated Kokang district of northeastern Shan
     State, and founded in December 1963 by Jimmy Yang of Kokang's
     ruling family.  It became the 5th Brigade of the Shan State
     Army (SSA) in 1964, but soon split into different factions. 
     Jimmy Yang became the northern commander of U Nu's National
     United Front (NUF) in 1970; Pheung Kya-shin and his brother
     Pheung Kya-fu had joined the Communist Party of Burma in 1967. 
     Another commander, Lo Hsing-han had already defected to the
     government in 1963 and set up a Ka Kwe Ye home guard unit in
     Kokang.

     Jimmy Yang returned to Rangoon during the 1980 amnesty.  Lo
     Hsing-han broke ranks witht he government when the Ka Kwe Ye
     programme was abandoned in February 1973 and linked up witht
     the SSA in May.  He was arrested in Thailand, extradited to
     Burma and sentenced to death in 1976.  He was released during
     the 1980 amnesty and is the "godfather" of the drug trade from
     Kokang.












********************************************
NEW YORK TIMES: SAFIRE--"THE HANGING OF FLOR"
Op-Ed page, p. A17, April 24, 1995

"The Hanging of Flor"
by William Safire

The dictatorial regime in Singapore, long critical of American
weakness in upholding the law, hired a trio of American dry-
bone experts to help gain moral absolution for too quickly
executing a Filipino maid questionably convicted of murder.

Last month's hanging of Flor Contemplacion, who was one of the
60,000 Filipino household workers treated as little better than
slaves by their Singaporean masters, has made a mockery of
Strongman Lee Kuan Yew's pretense of upholding "Asian values"
against the decadent West.

Remember how Singapore's prosecutors and local counsel extracted
a "confession" out of an American teen-ager last year for the
crime of graffiti?

The boy was sentenced to lashing by cane, and President Clinton's
plea for mercy got exactly two lashes off his brutal beating.
Dictator Lee exulted in humiliating the U.S., lecturing us on
the efficacy of torture, while the local U.S. business community,
sucking up to the dictator, cheered.

Now consider an Asian reaction to Singapore justice.  When a
Filipino maid and her ward were found dead, suspicion was directed
away from a father-employer and toward Mrs. Contemplacion, another
maid.

She was jailed, confessed -- perhaps under torture -- and her
country's embassy did little in her behalf.  Just another maid;
who cared?

When Singapore's judges sentenced her to death, the Philippine
public showed it cared.  Protesters in that democracy burned
Singaporean flags; Manila newspapers denounced the ruthless
judicial system.

Lee Kuan Yew shrugged that off; his judges rejected appeals for
a real investigation into the murders, the presentation of new
evidence and independent interviews with the condemned woman.
Promptly on schedule, Flor Contemplacion was hanged.  Case closed.
Message sent.

An unexpected message came back.  Filipinos erupted in fury.
President Ramos, under election pressure, fired his uncaring
embassy officials and sent home Singapore's ambassador.  The
Philippine Foreign Minister who failed to stop the hanging quit.

When Filipino investigators dug up the body of the murdered
maid, they found that she had been beaten, bones broken, and one
later charged the Singapore pathologists had "tampered with the
cadaver to simulate signs of strangulation."

The dictator's front man, Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, realized
this had caused a rift between two members of the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations.  He agreed to a joint autopsy, at which
the Philippine forensics experts saw their suspicions confirmed,
but the Singaporeans -- apparently supported by their American
experts -- professed to see the opposite.

I doubt if examination after four years of a corpse will determine
if the hanged woman was guilty or if Singapore's judicial system
protected a wealthy man and framed an innocent domestic servant,
thereby maintaining its reputation as the world capital of
punishment.

We do know this: the accused was given inadequate representation.
As questions arose, the accusers were too quick with the noose --
suggesting cover-up of official wrongdoing.

The Contemplacion case teaches us also that democratic values --
individual rights -- are not culturally "Western," as the dictator
scornfully insists, but universal.  Even a poor Asian expatriate
worker abandoned by her embassy has those rights.

Isn't it time the world's free press broke the shackles imposed
by Singapore's corrupt judiciary?  Here's an idea I have not
discussed with colleagues (if it's antitrust, come and get me):
only a united front by all publishers with operations in
Singapore will stop the judiciary from intimidating us one by
one.

The Economist, Time, The Wall Street Journal, New York Times and
Washington Post (owners of The International Herald Tribune) have
all thundered at Singapore in home publications, but when publishing
in the Far East write on eggs for fear of libel judgements or
circulation harassment by the hanging judges.

Kowtowing to such coercion is not "respecting the laws of other
societies."  Filipinos are showing us that free speech knows
no boundaries, and that silent submission to injustice need not be
the price of doing business in Asia.

And if economic solidarity does not affect the dictator's judges --
why not cover the area from free Manila?

********************************************
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW THE ISD WORKS
>From "To Catch a Tartar"

Originally posted by RVEL46A@xxxxxxxxxxx       
Henry Chan

I had read of police interrogation methods but nonetheless was
unprepared for the ugly raw side of the prime minister and his
strong-armed minions.

As I walked through the the doors of the interrogation room, 
a freezing coldness immediately  wrapped itself around me... 
the room was in total darkness, save for two powerful spotlights. 
I became uncomfortably aware of an air-conditioner  blower 
duct directly above me on the ceiling, which directed a
continuous and powerful cascade of wintry cold air down at the 
spot where barefooted, I was made to stand. The floor was like 
a slab of ice that rapidly drained away the body's heat.

A chair was thrust forward... I sat down... the legs had been 
perversely sawn off and the fourth leg sawn shorter than the 
rest. I was momentarily thrown off my poise.

None of them was  really interested in my answers. Someone 
behind me bawled  "So you think you can bully the second-
generation leaders?  Well, our job is to make sure that you do 
not succeed.  We are here to neutralize you. You know, to
neutralize you! For your information, Lee Kuan Yew is running 
for another term. and you will be locked up here for at least two 
years, if not more. So, where will you be? You can give up all 
your ideas of going into politics."

I decided to erect a wall of silence....my silence began to 
infuriate them. A well built Malay emerged out of the darkness 
and vociferously threatened to assault me. I suddenly noticed 
he was dressed in warm woollen clothes over which he still 
wore a windcheater. He swung his hand at me. I braced myself 
for the blow. But his fist stopped short just inches from my face. 
He looked like a thug. He repeated his threat. I remained silent. 

Amidst deafening obsenities, he swaggered up to me and
repeatedly blew thick clouds of cigarette smoke into my face. 
He demanded that I take off my shirt leaving my upper body bare 
under the air-conditioner duct. It was cold. Very very cold...then 
the lout yanked loose the drawstring which held up my pajama 
trousers...I later learned that Patrick Seong and some others 
were stripped stark naked and sprayed with water to intensify 
the cold treatment. As a result, they developed very bad cases 
of cold and flu requiring visits to the Toa Payoh General Hospital. 


I had lost all sense of time. I felt the urge to go to the toilet.
Having stood almost motionless at one spot for so long, my 
limps were stiff  all over. I was unsteady. I staggered out of the 
interrogation room, half carried by the Gurkha guards. I peered 
at the guard's wristwatch. I was astounded. I then realized I had 
been standing for about sixteen hours! It seemed improbable to 


me that I could have stood at one spot almost motionless for that 
lenght of time. I recalled when my clients had previously

complained they had been forced to stand for as long as 72 
hours at a stretch without sleep.

< extract from Francis Seow's book "To Catch A Tartar" >



********************************************
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW THE COURT WORKS

RVEL46A@xxxxxxxxxxx      
Henry Chan at Prodigy Services Company  1-800-PRODIGY 

The capital case of Samat Dupree, an odd-job Malay laborer who 
was charged in court with the murder of his friend, Salleh Misnin, 
graphically illustrates the perils of  relying on "confessions" of 
prisoners in custody. According to the Criminal Investigating 
Department (C.I.D.) he had given a detailed statement admitting 
his guilt. But when he was finally allowed counsel, he protested 
his innocence. Fortunately for him, he was able to establish a 
cast-iron alibi. He was away in Malaysia and had returned to 
Singapore three days after the death of th victim. His passport 
put his contention beyond controversy. The public prosecutor, 
after verifying it, unreservedly withdrew the charge. The

Minister for law, S. Jayakumer, blandly stated later in parliament 
that there was "no impropriety in the way the confession was 
obtained"....the last word however properly belongs to Samat 


Dupree who, when he was questioned as to why he had made
that hideous "confession" when he was totally innocent,

remarked "I was scared. Its easy for people to ask why; but I am 
the one who suffered in the C.I.D.. He refused to elaborate how 
he had suffered in the C.I.D. except: "you never know what you 
are going to face in the C.I.D." He had spent two and a half years 
in jail awaiting trial for a murder which he did not commit. 


____________________________________

>From Francis Seow's book,

<To Catch a Tartar>








********************************************
FRANCIS SEOW: HOW TORTURE WORKS

RVEL46A@xxxxxxxxxxx       
Henry Chan at Prodigy Services Company  1-800-PRODIGY 

The following is an extract from a statement released by
ex-detainees of 

Operation "Spectrum",     18 april 1988

<extracted from "To Catch A Tartar", Francis Seow>


TREATMENT DURNG DETENTION



During our detention, we were subjected to treatment which should
never be meted out to any person under interrogation.

Following our sudden arrests, we were subjected to harsh and
intensive interrogation, deprived of sleep and rest, some of us for
as long as 70 hours insides freezing cold rooms. All of us were
stripped of our personal clothing, including spectacles, footwear
and underwear and made to change into prisoners' uniforms.



Most of us were made to stand continually during interrogation, some
of us for over 20 hours and under the full blast of air-conditioning
turned to a very low temperature.

Under these conditions, one of us was repeatedly doused with cold 
water during interrogation.

Most of us were hit hard in the face, some of us for not less than
50 times, while others were assaulted on other parts of the body,
during the first three days of interrogation.


We were threatened with more physical abuse during interrogation. 
We were threatened with arrests, assuault and battery of our
spouses, loved ones and friends. We were threatened with INDEFINITE 
detention without trial. Chia Thye Poh, who is still in detention
after twenty years, was cited as an example. We were told that no
one could help us unless we  "cooperated" with the ISD.

These threats were constantly on our minds during the time we wrote 
our respective "statements " in detention.

We were actively discouragd from engaging legal counsel and 
advised to discharge our lawyers and against taking legal action 
(including making representations to the ISA Advisory Board) so as 
not to jeopardise our chances of release.


We were compelled to appear on television and warned that our 
release would depend on our performances on tv. We were coerced 
to make statements such as "I am marxist-inclined..."; "My ideal 
society is a classless society..." ; " so-and-so is my mentor..."; 
"I was made use of by so-and-so..."  in order to incriminate 
ourselves and other detainees.



What we said on television was grossly distorted and mis-
represented by editing and commentaries which attributed highly 
sinister motives to our actions.

We state once more clearly and unequivocally, we never acted in 
any way to subvert the security of our country; we were  never part 
of any Marxist conspiracy to bring about a communist state. 
If necessary, we would be willing to prove our innocence in an 
open trial.



We consider ourselves nothing less than some of the most loyal 
and responsible citizens of Singapore. We greatly regret not our 
past actions but the fact that our Government felt it necessary to 
malign our good names and arrest, detain, and abuse us for what 
we did or did not do.


Tang Lay Lee        Yap Hon Ngian

Kenneth Tsang       Wong Souk Yee

Teo Soh Lung        Kevin de Souza

Ng Bee Leng         Tang Fong Har

Chng Suan Tze







********************************************
SCS: PROPOSAL FOR SOC.CULTURE.SINGAPORE.POLITICS
Mon, 29 May 1995 12:50:10    
soc.culture.singapore          Thread  314 of  568 
Lines 51  
soc.culture.singapore.politics
3 Responses

cteckcho@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx                     Benedict Chong Teck
Choy at DSO 


I know that every once in a while, some idiot proposes creating 
new sub-newsgroups for the soc.culture.singapore hierarchy. 


As far as I can remember, such suggestions have always

petered out into irrelevance. Anyway, here goes.....:



Due to the entrance of Y. PAP into the Net, the volume of

political discussions in s.c.s has increased tremendously

to the point where it is now almost impossible to effectively 
and economically go thru' all the interesting posts.



Technet users may not feel it, but everytime I go through

s.c.s in teleview-singnet, I end up chalking up S$10 or more 
in debt to Singapore Telecoms and still end up frustrated


because I have to skip quite a lot of stuff.



I therefore suggest that a newsgroup be created for political 
discussions. These discussions can be of the type Michael Fay/ 
Flor Contemplacion to complaints about COE, minister's pay 
and people being brainwashed etc.

The advantage here is that the government (and Y PAP) will 
find it easier to monitor political discussions related
to Singapore rather than be distracted by other 'less
important' stuff.


Advantages to politically-inclined Netters is that we
are also less distracted by other stuff. And by not having 
to sieve through lots of non-political stuff, we save
time and hence money. Believe me, guys & gals, when you have 
to pay for access per minute, you don't have time to look
at people looking for penpals or room to let. You don't
even have time to write a decent article .... And if
the new owners of TEchnet decide to charge per minute, you 
will REALLY want to be efficient as far as reading news is 
concerned!

I hope that both the 'anties' and 'pro-s' will lend support 
to this idea.


Comments and 'constructive' (;) ;)) suggestions will be
welcomed (altho' like the PAP, I will decide what is
constructive ;););););))...


-bc





********************************************
SCS: FUCK RAMOS
Tue, 30 May 1995 10:38:11    
soc.culture.singapore          
Thread  339 of  568 
Lines 48  
fuck RAMOS
31 Responses

sci40824@xxxxxxxxxxxxx        
Lin Thye Hoon at National University of Singapore 


just got the news that ramos does not intend to break diplomatic
ties with singapore irreguardless of the final forensic outcome. 

some bastard, he use the feeling and emotion of his people to hurt
the feelings of singaporeans just so that he and his goons can win
the phillipine election. what kind of president is he, that make use
and toy with the emotion of his people for his personal gains.would
anyone disagreed if i say that he is a facist like hitler and
mussolini? 


throughout the entire incident, the singaporeans were being depicted
as a police state run by dictatorial govt whose citizens are
inhumane due to our SUDDEN AFFLUENCE throughout the entire
world.singaporeans were hurt, our pride and our national hounour was
infringed and our judicial system was criticised, all these because
ramos think that singapore is small and thus we deserve to be the
punching bag of the ASEAN.simply because we will NEVER retaliate.



i want to ask our govt, what is their position on this latest 
developement, are they going to accept ramos explanation and ask 
singaporeans to understand him and his country by swallowing our
pride and our disgrunt down our throat and let him get away with it
for the sake of ASEAN spirit? or is that our trade surplus with
phillipine means that we the people of singapore should henceforth
be the punching bag of others for the sake of money?

why are we always the one who kanna all this shit? is it because our
govt is too practical minded that they forgot the emotions of the
people? if so, why bother the pledge and the national athem, might
as well do away with all of these and our national parade as
well.since we will be wearing the bage of honourarly punching bag of
ASEAN.




i propose that singapore do not normalise any ties or investment in 
phillipine until the forensic result is concluded. if we are wrong,
we must accept the fact and apologise to the philipinos and double
check our system and give contemplacion her innocence, if we are
right, the very least that singaporeans can ask for after all these
weeks of abuse by the phillipine media is a presidential or even a
national apologies from mr ramos and let the apology be known to the
rest of the world. otherwise, singapore will always be another north
korea in foreigners eyes and a good punching bag for our neighbour
because our govt is softer than 
cotton candy.


and unbelievable as it is, the local chinese newspaper actually call
mr ramos a man of wit and a great survivalist in the political
arena!! some singaporean editor that guy must be.


weaver.



********************************************
REUTERS: BURMESE LEADERS TO VISIT SINGAPORE

      SINGAPORE, June 7 (Reuter) - Burma's prime minister and other
top leaders will arrive in Singapore on Thursday to meet with senior
government officials, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a
statement on Wednesday.  
    Senior General Than Shwe, chairman of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (SLORC) and prime minister of Burma, was
expected to discuss increasing trade and economic cooperation with
the wealthy island state.  
    Than Shwe, whose trip ends on June 11, will be accompanied by
Agriculture Minister Lieutenant-General Myint Aung; National
Planning and Economic Development Minister Brigadier-General David
Abel; Foreign Affairs Minister U Minister Lieutenant-General Myint
Aung; National Planning and Economic Development Minister
Brigadier-General David Abel; Foreign Affairs Minister U Ohn Gyaw
and other senior officials. 

    He will meet President Ong Teng Cheong, Prime Minister Goh Chok
Tong and Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, the ministry said. 

    Earlier this week, the Singapore Technologies Industrial
Corporation said it had signed a memorandum of understanding to
build a S$500 million ($360 million) international airport in
Mandalay. 

    The deal was the latest in a series of tie-ups between Burma and 
Singapore businesses, fuelled by Burma's desire to develop a more 
market-oriented economy and Singapore's aim of encouraging more
local companies to expand overseas. 

    The Burmese leaders will arrive from Indonesia, where earlier on 
Wednesday they agreed with Jakarta to boost economic and trade
relations, with Rangoon asking Indonesia for help to develop its
natural-gas resources, 

Wednesday they agreed with Jakarta to boost economic and trade
relations, with Rangoon asking Indonesia for help to develop its
natural-gas resources, according to Indonesian State Secretary
Murdiono.


Transmitted: 95-06-07 11:56:12 EDT

***********





********************************************
NEW YORK TIMES: INTERNET IN ASIA

2-Edged Sword: Asian Regimes On the Internet

New York Times 5/29/95 p. 1

           By PHILIP SHENON

  HANOI Vietnam--Tran Ba Thai sits among tangles of computer wire 
in his dingy Hanoi office hoping that he can continue to connect 
this long-isolated nation to the distant reaches of cyberspace. 
  So far the aging Communists who run Vietnam have gone along 
with Mr. Thai s plans for Net Nam the first commercial service 
plugging Vietnam into the global web of computer networks known 
as the Internet. But Mr. Thai a 44-year-old computer scientist 
with Vietnam s Institute of Information Technology worries that 
as Vietnam s electronic postmaster he may be walking a line as 
thin as a strand of computer wire.

  While the Internet holds the promise of bolstering Vietnam's 
economy by connecting this impoverished nation to the information 
superhighway it also means that Vietnam might soon be deluged 
economy by connecting this impoverished nation to the information 
superhighway it also means that Vietnam might soon be deluged 
with the sort of information that the Government has long sought 
to keep out of the public s hands: the writings of Vietnamese 
dissidents reports by human rights groups, pornography.

"I'm sure the Government is concerned about this," Mr. Thai said. 
"But the Government knows that the advantages of this system are 
bigger than the disadvantages. Vietnam has been totally isolated 
and the Internet is the fastest cheapest way to reintegrate 
Vietnam into the world."

    The cyberspace revolution may have been born in the computer 
labs of the West but its impact will be felt most intensely in 
the authoritarian nations of Asia the continent that is home to 
two-thirds of the world's population and its fastest-growing 
economies.

  And Asian governments are vowing to do what they can to control 
the Internet. Last week, the iron-fisted Government of Singapore 
announced that it would prosecute anyone who posted defamatory or 
obscene material on the Internet. China is expected to restrict 
announced that it would prosecute anyone who posted defamatory or 
obscene material on the Internet. China is expected to restrict 
access by keeping the cost of local Internet service artificially 
high.  But it will be impossible to shut off the Internet

completely, short of cutting telephone lines and confiscating 
computers--solutions that are not feasible in countries that are 
trying to build modern, technologically advanced economies. 
Information moves over the Internet so rapidly and uncontrollably 
that in many countries, censorship could be a thing of the past. 
  While most Asian governments have no affection for the concept 
of freedom of speech, their disdain for the free flow of

information is tempered by the understanding that the future of 
the world's economy will depend, on computers -- and the transfer 
of information, including financial data and mail, over computer 
networks. Their economic vitality may depend on having a

population that is computer literate and, more specifically, 
Internet literate.  And so China, Vietnam, Indonesia Singapore 
and Malaysia, which strictly censor every other form of
Internet literate.  And so China, Vietnam, Indonesia Singapore 
and Malaysia, which strictly censor every other form of

information available to the public, have been forced to open the 
information floodgates with the Internet, even though that means 
allowing  everything from political dissent to pornography to 
go on line.

   For authoritarian governments, it's going to be a losing game 
to try to control this, said Anthony M. Rutkowski, executive 
director of the Internet Society, a nonprofit organization in 
Reston, Va. An estimated 200,000 computers in Asia are now 
connected to the Internet, a number that is expected to grow 
exponentially over the next several years. According to the 
Internet Society, there are now more than 15,000 computers hooked 
up to the Internet in Hong Kong, more than 8,000 in Singapore, 
more than 3,000 in Thailand and more than 500 in China.

  Most computers are found at universities, government offices 
and in the offices of large corporations, although increasingly-- 
  Most computers are found at universities, government offices 
and in the offices of large corporations, although increasingly-- 
especially in prosperous areas of Hong Kong and Singapore-- 
computers are found at home, used for everything from word 
processing to computer games. But given the shortage of reliable 
telephone lines outside major cities, the Internet is largely an 
urban phenomenon in Asia.

  Among Asia's authoritarian nations, only North Korea and 
Myanmar, formerly Burma, are sitting, out the communications 
revolution for now, if only because they are too poor to afford 
computers and the telephone equipment needed to reach the
network.

  Internet service made its debut in China only two years ago, 
but there are already at least eight Internet servers there, 
including a commercial service available to the general public 
that was established in cooperation with Sprint, the American 
telecommunications company. Ike servers allow a computer hookup 
that was established in cooperation with Sprint, the American 
telecommunications company. Ike servers allow a computer hookup 
to the Internet through a local telephone number. In January, 
Beijing announced that it would create a nationwide computer 
network linking more than 100 college campuses to the Internet, 
even though students at those same campuses were the center of 
political dissent before the violent 1989 crackdown in Tiananmen 
Square.

  The Communist Government of Vietnam is allowing Internet 
servers to open for business, even though it has already had 
difficulty controlling the deluge of electronic mail from
dissidents living abroad.  Some fervently anti-Communist
Vietnamese dissidents in Southern California have tried to flood 
the personal electronic mail box of the Prime Minister of

Vietnam, Vo Van Kiet, an early advocate of the Internet. That has 
alarmed the operators of Net Nam, which is urging its
subscribers, most of them businesses and private organizations, 
to avoid transmitting antisocial information over the Internet. 
to avoid transmitting antisocial information over the Internet. 
  No country seems to be more aware of the opportunity and the 
threat. posed by the Internet than Singapore, the wealthy
authoritarian city-state that has some of the strictest

censorship laws in Asia.  In Singapore, the Government is struck 
by a contradictory impulse as it tries to establish Singapore as 
the communications and financial hub of Southeast Asia. The 
Government talks of making Singapore an intelligent island, and 
so it not only allows the public access to the Internet, it 
encourages it. The Singapore Government offers two services 
connecting computer users to the Internet, and a third, private 
service is being formed.  "The choice is either we master the 
technology or it will master us," said George Yeo, the Minister 
of Information and the Arts.

  But what that means is that a budding Singaporean dissident 
need only sit down at a computer, dial a local telephone number 
and type a simple instruction on the keyboard:

soc.culture.singapore

and type a simple instruction on the keyboard:

soc.culture.singapore

to find a plethora of mostly anonymous invective about the 
Government, along with some spirited defenses of it.

  The free-wheeling criticism -- which might well have prompted a 
knock on the door from the police if it had appeared in a

newspaper--is now freely available to tens of thousands of 
computer users in Singapore -- and millions around the world-- 
through the Internet. Playboy may be banned in Singapore, but the 
magazine's centerfold can be viewed, in full color, on the World 
Wide Web, an area of the Internet devoted to individually

designed collections of text, graphics and sound, ("sites" or 
"home pages") which are loosely linked together.

   China is reportedly planning to limit access by setting high 
fees for Internet use. At a seminar in Hong Kong last week, a 
researcher for China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, 
Jiang Lintao, said that China was looking for other ways of 
controlling access-- "for putting a brake on certain information 
Jiang Lintao, said that China was looking for other ways of 
controlling access-- "for putting a brake on certain information 
when the networks become popular." He did not elaborate.

  Singapore is calling for self-policing of the system and has 
warned that it will take legal action against anyone who uses the 
Internet to transmit pornographic or seditions material. We 
should never allow Singapore to be a source of pornographic or 
incendiary broadcasts, Mr. Yeo said.   Last year, the Singapore 
Government acknowledged it rifled through the files of users of 
Technet, one of the two Government-financed Internet providers, 
in search of pornography. The search turned up a few pornographic 
images, leading the Government to post a computerized warning to 
Technet users about countersocial activity.

  But the sweep also alarmed foreign corporations operating in 
Singapore that use the Internet for electronic mail. The

companies feared that the Government might eventually begin 
snooping into confidential corporate information. The Singapore 
Government has since assured the companies that it has no
snooping into confidential corporate information. The Singapore 
Government has since assured the companies that it has no
intention of conducting more unannounced searches.

  Stewart A. Baker, the former general counsel of the National 
Security Council who is now a Washington lawyer and a specialist in
international telecommunications law, said he suspected that 
Singapore and other governments would crack down on the Internet 
through litigation against the large companies that provide 
access to the system--say, a defamation suit against a large 
multinational corporation with assets in Singapore, whose

employees place rude messages about Singapore on the Internet. 
   I would think there would be difficulty enforcing this against 
the little guys--the message senders-- but they will go after the 
big companies that carry the messages, he said.

********************************************
REUTERS: SINGAPORE, BURMA AGREE TO BOOST TRADE TIES

(Updates with signing of economic agreement) 

By Kim Coghill 

    SINGAPORE, June 8 (Reuter) - Singapore and Burma on Thursday
agreed to boost trade and economic ties at the beginning of a
four-day visit by Burma's top military leaders and ministers. 

    The two countries signed a bilateral economic agreement to
heighten cooperation starting with tourism and agri-business. 

    The agreement also promotes bilateral trade growth through
simplifying procedures and cooperation in shipping and ancillary
maritime services, the Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry said
in a written statement.  
    The two countries agreed to exchange advisors and technical
experts to train Burmese personnel. 

    The ceremonial signing at the presidential palace was witnessed
by top officials including Singapore Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong
and Burma Prime Minister Than Shwe. 

    Than is also senior general and chairman of the State Law and
Order Restoration Council (SLORC). 

    Singapore is one of the staunchest advocates of integrating
Burma into the region despite charges of human-rights abuses. 

    Goh visited Burma last year to discuss opening up its economy
and encouraging foreign investment. He was only the second head of
government to visit Burma since its military rulers crushed
pro-democracy protests in 1988. 

    Earlier this week, Singapore Technologies Industrial Corporation
said it had signed a memorandum of understanding to build a S$500
million ($360 million) international airport in Mandalay. 

    The deal, which could open up further opportunities for tourism
from Singapore, was the latest in a series of tie-ups between
Burmese and Singapore businesses fuelled by Burma's desire to
develop a more market-oriented economy and Singapore's aim of
encouraging more local companies to expand overseas. 

    Singapore has identified Burma, China, Indochina and India as
potential investment areas to develop an ``external economy.'' 

    Singapore government figures show trade with Burma amounted to
S$720 million ($518 million) in 1993, up from S$603 million ($434
million) in 1992. Singapore's imports from Burma include seafood,
wood and crude rubber while exports include tobacco, petroleum
products and cars. 

    Than Shwe and his delegation arrived in Singapore from
Indonesia, where they agreed with Jakarta to boost economic and
trade relations. Rangoon also asked Indonesia for help in developing
its natural gas resources.  
    The trip marks Than Shwe's first visits to members of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which also includes
Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, since becoming
chairman of SLORC in 1992.  

Thailand, and the Philippines, since becoming chairman of SLORC in
1992.      In addition to talks on economic cooperation in both
countries, Than Shwe was also expected to discuss the prospect of
Burma's participation in ASEAN activities, the Myanmar (Burma) News
Agency said. 

REUTER

Transmitted: 95-06-08 10:19:46 EDT

***********

********************************************
DEVAN NAIR : THE QUESTION OF POWER......
>From the introduction to "To Catch a Tartar"

an280537@xxxxxxxxxxxxx                             Anonymous
forwarding service



What an unconscionably long time some people take to learn that
power really does corrupt. No statesman was ever more resoundingly
correct than Thomas Jefferson when he warned:

       In questions of power, let no more be heard of confidence
       in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of
       the constitution.

Alas, because he was not stopped in time, Lee Kuan Yew has
proceeded to alter the laws to bind down the judiciary and the
media instead.

I have come to fear that the point of no return has already been
reached and passed.

Today, Lee no longer deals with his equals, but with his chosen
appointees, who did not earn pwoer the hard way, but had it
conferred on them. They are highly qualified men, no doubt, but
nobody expects them to posses the gumption to talk back to the
increasingly "self-righteous know-all" that Lee has become.

Further, the bread of those who conform is handsomely buttered
(Minister's new pay). Keep your head down and you could enjoy
one of the highest living standards in Asia. Raise it and you
could lose a job, a home, and be harassed by the ISD or the
Inland Revenue Department, or by both, as happened to Francis
Seow (and others like JB Jeyaretnum and many more unfortunate
,unknown souls).

Full employment, well-fed digestive tracks, clean streets, and
decent homes are not the be-all and end-all of good government.
They are only a necessary beginning - an essential foundation
from which to aspire for greater human ends.

A society burdened by a multitude of prohibitions must come to
suffer that stifling of innovation and creativity which comes of
excessive regulation.

The obvious danger is that if ever Singapore is faced with a serious
economic downturn, as is entirely possible given the republic's
overwhelming dependence on increasingly volatile export markets,....
And that would be a sad end for what began as the most promising
experiment in socioeconomic growth in Southeast Asia ( The Asian
Miracle could become The Asian Tragedy)

Extracted from: Forward by Devan Nair,
Words in brackets are my own opinion.

********************************************
LEE KUAN YEW: IN HIS OWN WORDS
Originally posted by 


But we either believe in democracy or we do not. If we do,then,we
must say categorically, without qualification, that no restraint
from any democratic process, other than by the ordinary law of
the land, should be allowed......

If you believe in democracy, you must believe in it unconditionally.
If you believe that men should be free, then, they should have the
right of free association, of free speech, of free publication.
Then, no law should permit those democratic processes to be set at
nought, and no excuse, whether of security, inconvenience to
traffic,or inconvenience to police officers, should allow a
government to be deterred from doing what it knows to be right, and
what it must know to be right......

                    - Lee Kuan Yew




                      Legislative Assembly Debates, April27, 1955

                      vol.1, cols. 59-60

I'm told [repression] is like making love-it's always easier the
second time. The first time there may be pangs of conscience, a
sense of guilt. But once embarked on this course, with constant
repetition, you get more and more brazen in the attack and in
the scope of the attack. All you have to do is to dissolve
organizations and societies and banish or detain the key political
workers in these societies. Then, miraculously, everything is
tranquil on the surface. Then an intimidated press and the
government-controlled radio together can regularly sing your
praises, and slowly and steadily the people are made to forget
the evil things that have already been done. Or if these things
are referred to again they're conveniently distorted and
distorted with impunity, because there will be no opposition
to contradict.



            - Lee Kuan Yew

              Legislative Assembly Debates, Oct 4, 1956,col.322

Within this democratic system everyone has the right to compete,
to preach his political views, but the competition must be for
the purpose of working the system, not destroying it. These
[emergency] powers will not be allowed to be used against
political opponents within the system who compete for the right
to work the system. That is fundamental and basic, or the
powers will have destroyed the purpose for which they were
forged. If, in using these powers you, in fact, negate the
purpose for which you made them, then you end up with a
situation where force, will become increasingly necessary.

             - Lee Kuan Yew
               Legislative Assembly Debates, Oct8, 1958



If you can label a man.....as a Communist, then you can use
administrative powers of arrest and detention without trail....
which means you just get stifled.... you're scrubbed out.

                - Lee Kuan Yew
                  ABC Four Corner, Melbourne, Australia, March29
                  1965


  
********************************************
SCS: INFORMATION CONTROL
No responses

linhd@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx        David H. Lin at HP Singapore
Networks Operation


Well, here is a teaser.  One of the headlines in today's (6/6)
Straits

Times is "Why Govt must control information in IT age (Rear-Adm Teo:
Ideas can also be dangerous)."  The first line is "The government is
controlling information in the electronic age because "just as cars
can knock down people, ideas can also be dangerous."  "Ideas can
kill.."

Is this saying that the government is discouraging thinking and new
ideas?  I am just waiting for the first S'porean to be convicted
driving on the information highway.  Have you gotten your licence
to surf the net?



--

David H. Lin                       Email: linhd@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Hewlett-Packard Singapore          Telephone:        +65 279-8687







********************************************
SCS: CENSORSHIP ON INTERNET
Fri, 02 Jun 1995 11:14:47    soc.culture.singapore          Thread  374 of  568

Respno   1 of   2

christsh@xxxxxxxxxx                       Christopher Tan at
Technet, Singapore



The PS for Information and the Arts metioned in the ST the other day
that as long as criticism of the gov on the internet was according
to the law of the land, it would be alright.  I have a few questions
I hope that perhaps either some lawyers out there or someone within
the govt could answer:

1. Whose law?  What if a Singaporean citizen in ,say, the US decided
to launch a Catherine Lim-style of criticism on the Net against our
govt? How can our Singapore law apply to him/her, given that if any
crime was committed, it was technically done outside Singapore and
it would be (I think) up to the US to prosecute him/her if
necessary.  This brings me to the next question:

2.      Whose land?  What if the criticism was hurled by an American
in the US?  If the govt could prosecute the Singaporean in question
1, then where would the line be drawn to stop the same treatment
from being extended to any person of any nation doing the same
thing?

3.      Which newsgroup?  Up till now, much of the criticism, fair
and unfair, has been on S.O.C.  What if these criticism were posted
to a newgroup on human rights?  And then what?  How?

The idea of laws being set up for postings on the Net seem rather
difficult at this stage.  I'm not suggesting that it be done, as
much as I find silly non-constructive protestations against govt
policies which are sometime little less than plain obscene
offensive.  I'm just curios to know more about the legal process.



Thanks







********************************************
SCS: TO CATCH A TARTAR BAN

Tue, 06 Jun 1995 11:09:20    
soc.culture.singapore          
Thread  543 of  568

Lines 20  
To catch a tartar ban
No responses

an273671@xxxxxxxxxxxxx                             Anonymous
forwarding service





Sorry to start a new thread.  I haven't got the chance to figure out
how to follow up anonymously.  Maybe someone can help me.



There is no ban on To catch a tartar.

What the government does is similar to what it does with the ST...
The merely suggest that it is inappropriate that an article get
printed or in this case, suggest or request that the book importers
may find it in appropriate to market the book in Singapore.


Figure it out.



*****************************************

FEER: FAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVIEW
SCB: SOC.CULTURE.BURMA
SEASIA-L: South East Asia mailing list
SCS: SOC.CULTURE.SINGAPORE
SST: SINGAPORE STRAITS TIMES