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BurmaNet News: October 28 <SUU KYI
- Subject: BurmaNet News: October 28 <SUU KYI
- From: strider@xxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Fri, 28 Oct 1994 10:00:00
Subject: BurmaNet News: October 28 <SUU KYI MEETS SLORC AGAIN>
************************** BurmaNet **************************
"Appropriate Information Technologies, Practical Strategies"
**************************************************************
BurmaNet News: Friday, October 28, 1994
Issue #45
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Contents:
BKK POST: UNHCR; THAILAND SOFTENING STANCE AGAINST ETHNIC BURMESE
NATION: ACCESS TO CAMPS PLEDGED IN BID TO ASSIST REFUGEES
BURMANET: NEWS FROM THE FRONT
SEASIA-L: OHN GYAW'S SPEECH AND GROUPS THAT SIGNED CEASE-FIRES
SEASIA-L: LINTNER ON GROUPS WHO'VE SIGNED CEASEFIRES, #1
SEASIA-L: LINTNER ON GROUPS WHO'VE SIGNED CEASEFIRES, #2
ABSL: APPEAL TO MIZORAM GOVT & AUTHORITIES IN INDIA
NATION: ANOTHER THAI HOTEL IN BURMA
SCB: BURMA - DEMOCRACY DENIED TOUR
SCB: REQUEST TO BURMANET NEWS
SCB: MORE INFO ON MINISTER'S MEETING?
**************************************************************
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BURMANET: SUU KYI IN SECOND MEETING WITH KHIN NYUNT
October 29, 1994
Aung San Suu Kyi met with Burma's intelligence chief, Lt.Gen Khin
Nyunt and another SLORC minister, Than Oo, for three hours today.
The meeting began at 9:00a.m. and took place in the same Army
guesthouse where she first met with the SLORC leaders on
September 20th. Aung San Suu Kyi, who won the 1991 Nobel Peace
Prize, has been under house arrest for five years.
According to one report, Aung San Suu Kyi told the Rev. Rewata
Dhamma, the Britain-based monk who has been acting as an
intermediary with the SLORC, that if senior general Than Shwe was
too busy to meet her, she would meet with a representative
appointed by him. Than Oo appears appears to be Than Shwe's
stand-in.
Myanmar TV said they discussed the future of Burma. The BBC is
reporting that they talked about economics and politics. Myanmar
TV devoted three minutes of its evening news broadcast to the
meeting and showed her coming to the meeting and greeting Khin
Nyunt and Than Oo. She had a serious look when she entered the
meeting. Suu Kyi was smiling when she left.
**************************************************************
BKK POST: UNHCR; THAILAND SOFTENING STANCE AGAINST ETHNIC BURMESE
Oct 28, 1994
Thailand is changing its attitude toward Burmese ethnic
miniorities in a move which promises more safety for them, the
United Nation's High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
representative said yesterday. "There has been a change in
attitude" Ruprecht von Arnim said referring to a previous
tendency to repatriate asylum-seekers.
Mr Von Arnim made the point at a press conference marking the
20th anniversary of the UNHCR in Thailand. He said he was
recently allowed access to the Halockhani area onthe Thai-Burmese
border where 6,000 Mons spent several weeks before they were
forced back into Burma by a food blockade last month. He said he
was confident that the Mons in the area could be assisted from
the Thai side of the border and "be more safe than before". He
quoted Gen Charan Kullavanijjaya, secretary-general of the
National Security Council as saying that the Mons could return to
the Thai side if fighting again flared up in Burma.
The Mons who had fled Burmese troops into Thailand in July,
remain one of two main ethnic groups still resisting a ceasefire
pact with the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council
(SLORC) in Rangoon. The Karens are the other group still holding
out against the pact joined by 13 ethnic minorities. The UNHCR
was seeing access to help ethnic minorities on both side of the
Burmese border sources said. The estimated 72,000 displaced
Burmese along the Thai-Burmese border are a main concers of the
UNHCR in Thailand now that the problem of Indochinese refugees is
largely solved with an estimated 14,000 Laotians to be
repatriated by the end of next year. Thailand has given tempoary
asylum to more than 1.2 million Indochinese in the past 20 years,
at a cost to the UNHCR of US $ 1.1 billion according to UN
figures.
Gen Charan, at a UNHCR meeting in Geneva early this month spoke
of the need to distinguish between displaced persons and
refugees, Mr Von Arnim noted. Thailand should set up a
"mechanism" for screening displaced persons that made clear who
should not be repatriated and how long asylum-seekers could stay
on Thai soil UNHCR protection officer Nic Chantravithoon said.
**************************************************************
NATION: ACCESS TO CAMPS PLEDGED IN BID TO ASSIST REFUGEES
October 28, 1994
Thailand is considering allowing humanitarian agencies access to
refugee camps to enable them to give the necessary assistance in
returning refugees to their country of origin, United Nationas
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) representative Ruprecht
von Arnim said yesterday.
Arnim was speaking at a press conference on the commemoration of
the UNHCR's 20th Anniversary in Thailand at the Royal Princess
Hotel, Bangkok.
He said the National Security Council chief General Charan
Kulavanijaya had reaffirmed Thailand's policy that displaced
people would be able to receive temporary shelter on Thai soil.
Thai authorities would also facilitate their return to their
homeland as and when it was safe form them to do so, he said.
The government was also prepared to consider granting relief
agencies access to the returnees from Thai territory in their
country of origin, he quoted Charan as saying in his speech at
the 45th session of hte Executive Committee of the UNHCR's
programme.
Von Arnim said that though cross border operations were not part
of the UN chargter, they were on the increase and a legal
discussion was in progress to encourage this activity.
He said that though the UNHCR would not be directly involved in
providing cross border assistance, he was satisfied that the Mon
refugees who have returned from Thailand to the Halockhani camp
in Burma would receive humanitarian assistance.
The Thai authorities have also given a reassurance that the
returnees would be given the right to return should a military
conflict begin again in the area.
Von Arnim said that one of the solutions for solving the problem
facing refugees, on the question of their safety, was to have
international agencies present as this would help build
confidence and trust between everyone involved, he said.
He cited the case of the on-going repatriation programmed
organized by the UNHCR of the Rohingyas in Bangladesh to the
Arakan state in Burma.
The Burmese junta have realized that repatriation would not have
been possible but for the presence of an international agency.
The Burmese authorities have also allwed UNHCR to open an office
in Rangoon hand have a field office in Arakan and their staff
have been permitted to move around freely.
Von Arnim said this was precisely what was needed for their
monitoring and protection.
The same had been achieved in Laos and Vietnam, he added.
He said that the UNHCR is hoping to be able to monitory the
safety of returnees along the border between Burma nd Thailand in
the future.
"We have brought this matter to the attention of the Burmese
government so they can work out a way for UNHCR to monitor both
sides of the border," he said.
He said that the UNHCR's future role would also include emergency
responsiveness.
This would provide a necessary instrument to assist not only
refugees but governments in dealing with refugee problems.
He said that the UNHCR could also help Thailand deal with the
possible influx of Cambodians, as a result of that country's
internal conflicts.
**************************************************************
SEASIA-L: OHN GYAW'S SPEECH AND GROUPS THAT SIGNED CEASE-FIRES
Oct 25, 1994
by Priyambudi Sulistiyanto
ASPS@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Ohn Gyaw's Speech
Date: Tue, 25 Oct 1994 11:12:07
On the speech of Myanmar Foreign Minister Ohn Gyaw at the United
Nations General Assembly meeting recently, he says that there are
13 ethnic organisations who already signed the peace aggrement
with the SLORC and few are still refuse to do so. Who are they
both those who signed and those who are not signed yet ? Is
anyone know about it?
I would be appreciated if someone could give me information about
it? I need this clarification for my on-going research about
this subject.
**************************************************************
SEASIA: GROUPS WHO'VE SIGNED CEASEFIRES, #1
lintner@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Oct 27, 1994
Reply to Priyambudi Sulistiyanto re. Burmese cease-fires:
I'm not certain why Ohn Gyaw mentioned "13 rebel groups" which he
said had struck cease-fire deals with the govt in Rangoon. These
groups have made peace with the Slorc:
1) Following a mutiny among the rank and file of the Communist
Party of Burma in March-April 1989, its former "People's Army"
broke up into four different regional armies based along ethnic
lines. All these four groups made peace with Rangoon in 1989:
a. the New Democratic Army: the former CPB 101 War Zone in
Kachin State (Kambaiti and Panwa areas). A small group;
300-400 men.
b. the Myanmar National Democratic Aliance Army. The former
CPB forces in Kokang (a district in Burma's Shan State
dominated by ethnic Chinese). 1,500-2,000 men.
c. the United Wa State Army. The main group, 10,000-15,000
strong.
d. the former CPB 815 War Zone in eastern Shan State (north
of Kengtung). 1,500-2,000 men.
2) Following this initial ceasefire, the Shan State Army (2,000
men), which had had a military pact with the CPB, followed suit
on 2 Sept 1989.
3) In Dec 1990, the 4h Brigade of the Kachin Independence Army,
which was active in northeastern Shan State, broke away from the
main KIA and made peace with Rangoon.(strength at that time:
800-900 men)
4) On 23 April 1991, the Palaung State Liberation Army (northern
Shan State, 700-800 men) made peace with Rangoon.
5) In March 1991, the Pa-O National Army (400-500 men; central
Shan State) made peace with Rangoon;
6) In Feb this year, the main KIA made peace with Rangoon.
7) A few months later, two former CPB allies made peace with
Rangoon: the Karenni Nationalities People's Liberation Front
(200-300 men) and the Shan State Nationalities People's
Liberation Organisation (another Pa-O faction; 600-700 men).
This makes it in all 11 groups.
The following armed factions are still fighting the govt in
Rangoon:
1) The Karen National Union. 3,000-3,500 men. Active along the
Thai border
2) The New Mon State Party. 800-1,000 men. Active in the Three
Pagodas Pass Area.
3) The Karenni National Progressive Party. The main Karenni
faction, active in the area opposite Mae Hong Son in Thailand.
600-700 men.
4) The Mong Tai Army. Opium warlord Khun Sa's army. Approx 18,000
men.
5) The Chin National Army. Smaller band in Chin State near the
Indian border.
6) The Rohingya Solidarity Organisation. A Muslim-Rohingya
group.A few hundred men in arms.
7) The Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front. Another, smaller Rohingya
faction.
8) The National Socialist Council of Nagaland. Two factions (one
led by Thuingaleng Muivah and the other by S.S. Khaplang) active
in northern sagaing Division. Total strength possibly 1,000 men
(both factions)
9) A few smaller Arakanese groups such as the Arakan Liberation
Army and the Arakan Army.
Hope this info will be of use.
**************************************************************
SEASIA-L: GROUPS WHO'VE SIGNED CEASEFIRES, #2
Bertil Lintner
lintner@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Oct 27, 1994
Addition to message to Priyambudi Sulistiyanto:
My previous list consisted of ethnic minority armies in Burma. In
addition, there are a few, comparatively small Burman rebel
groups which have not made peace with the Slorc: the All-Burma
Students Democratic Front (ABSDF). Once several 1,000 strong, the
ABSDF today has only a few hundred men left in the jungle. They
are staying with the KNU along the Thai border. the People's
Liberation Front is a small group based near the Thai border. It
consists of ex-CPB (Red Flag) cadres and some deserters from the
Burma Army. In addition, there is also a small Tavoyan army in
Tenasserim Division and some smaller bands scattered here and
there. Some are politically motivated, while others are "dacoits"
or brigands. I hope this list now [rest of message cut off].
**************************************************************
SEASIA-L: "ABSDF"
P_WEBB@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Oct 27, 1994 by
Bertil Lintner may well be right when he says that there are only
a few hundred members of the ABSDF in the jungles along the
Thai-Burma border. Although when I visit the various regimental
camps in the KNU territory as well as the HQ at Dawn Gwynn on the
Moie River ( the place of the Fighting Peacock) about twice a
year ,there seems more than just a few hundred. I believe that
many of the ABSDF are still making their way to Dawn Gwynn by
stealth from areas where they are not allowed to posses arms
since the cease-fire agreements between some ethnic groups and
SLORC. It also seems that the three factions of the ABSDF [ Naing
Aung, Moe Ze Thun and an unaligned faction) have recently met at
Dawn Gwynn and have or are about to come together. Moe Ze Thun
and his approx three hundred followers were until recently, if
what I have just said is in fact true,operating nearer the Arakan
border after having left the Moie river area. But as anyone who
has travelled along this border- on either side- knows well, that
what is true today might not be tomorrow - even if it might have
been the day before
Paul Webb
Director CSEAS
Northern Territory University
**************************************************************
BURMANET: NEWS FROM THE FRONT
[about] 14th October 1994
[The following report was given to BurmaNet by a reliable source
from the Kawthoolie, the "liberated zone" of Karen-held Burma.]
SLORC troops have been patrolling the Salween River since about
the first of October, on a stretch running from the Karen Capital
at Pa An, to their last camp, which is set up very near the Karen
National Union headquarters.
There are several checkpoints between SLORC camps. They don't
allow passanger motor boats to travel the river and they
confiscate any civilian boats and use the owners as porters.
The boats are then used by SLORC to transport their own supplies,
including ammunition, to their camps. Since about October 5th,
four to five boats per day are taking supplies.
The Karen army is preparing for a large campaign by the SLORC
troops this dry season. Usually SLORC attacks at the end of
January or mid Febuary.
It is believed that SLORC will try to cut off KNU HQ from the
front line in order to split the army and force the Karen into a
ceasefire.
**************************************************************
ABSL: APPEAL TO MIZORAM GOVT & AUTHORITIES IN INDIA
Posted to BurmaNet by uneoo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
ABSL - ALL BURMA STUDENTS LEAGUE
--------------------------------
CENTRAL COMMITTEE Date:Sept 29, 1994
----------------- -----------------
Appeal to Mizoram Government
and
Concerned Authorities of India
Firstly We, All Burma Students League, would like to explain
about what is called ongoing repatriation of foreign nationals
from Mizoram State which closely situates to Burma and is sharing
a long common border.
Among the foreigners residing in the said state, there are
economically displaced Burmese nationals who comprise of both
highlanders, most of them belong to Chin tribe and even some
belongs to Mizo of local Mizoram State, and pure Burman who hail
from plain area, heart of Burma. Most of Burman live by
handicraft works such as hand-loom which can be called as a small
domestic indistry making Shawls, Cloth and so on in the said
state. Besides there are some Burmese Students, political
activists and members of parliament who were elected in 1990 May
Election, are currently taking refuge in the said State since
1988 after the military brutally crack-downed on peaceful
demonstrators during nation wide antiGovernment Strike (8.8.88).
The highlanders, as they are so close to each other across the
modern man-made boundary, not much different from each other in
identification, man-made boundary demarcation is seeming to them
ideal, and some other similarity betweem them and origins,
inhabitants of Mizoram State, who have been trafficking back and
forth in the said region which is in fact so ancient even long
before the statehood of Mizoram come to being.
And the pure Burman who came up to the said state in quest of job
in 1985 they were initially very a few, one or two, and began
living by their own inherited profession which is handicraft
works. In fact these pure Burmans were compelled to leave their
heart and soul of their native place which is center of Burma, it
is also known as plain land , by the cruelty of military junta
who are dacoit in actuality. These handicraft professional were
in intolerable bad state for their survival under the military
dominated Govt in Burma. These people were even not permitted to
full and free confession of their handicraft for their own living
which is apparently honest business that will never do harm to
state Mechanism. Such inhuman practice of Govt forced them to
leave their mother land and come across into Mizoram where they
survive by their hand-loom work. As some of them are from
Mandalay, Monywa, Shwe Bo some are from Kalay of Sai Gaing
Division which is sharing border with Mizoram State.
As it is widely known that Burma which was once most prosperous
country in South East Asia, is now in a state of unfortunate
under the ruling military junta which keeps oppressing its own
citizens. The illegal detention of innocent people under their
military, The reign of former Burma Socialist Programme Party
(BSPP) and the present ruling military junta let Bruma went into
the list of the Least Developed Country according to the United
Nation Annual Report.
Meanwhile powerful military leader are ruining the country under
their self centered Business Programme which is called a
'Economic Development Programme' according to the junta.
Unfortunately under the pursuit of the said Pragramme, inflation
which was recorded in the last three decade or so as the ever
highest and worst, unacceptable forced labour for the
construction of military base and strategic route leading up to
India Border, and other economic and social turmoil are
approvable reasons for these Burmese Nationals that "Their
returning back to Burma is Self-suicidal task".
But it is certain that Burmese people are never happy by their
sheer instinct in other foreign land where they even could not
communicate with local people due to language barrier and some
other understandable reasons. It is very sure that they will
definitely go back to heart of their own land when democracy is
restored to Burma.
And also these people are not interseted at all to interfere in
any aspect of the life of local Mizos people. Besides they who
are originally Buddhists by religion have never disturbed the
sentiment of Mizo who are Christian. Even some off the Burmese
nationals were willingly converted into Christian! And also
outnumbering by the Burmese nationals over the population of
local Mizos will never be possible since the intermarriage has
never taken place so far. Furthermore, these people are
economically weak since all of them belong to worker section, and
are not potential enough to become even owners of Hand-loom!
In the case of Burmese students and political activists who are
temporarily taking refuge in the state are not all safe for their
life at the hand of Military rulers of present Burma in case the
forced repatriation takes place on them.
But unfortunately these Burmese nationals are reportedly being
repatriated against their will back to Burma where the military
Junta is not allowing them to come back to Burma.
Now these people are in trouble along the Indo-Burma border where
the dreaded wild malaria is taking one life after another; where
there is no assessable even by the International Red Cross to
rush to their aid.
The prevailing circumstances as stated above require us to
request concerned authorities of India and Mizoram Govt to stop
repatriating Burmese Nationals against their will from Mizoram
state.
We, All Burma Students League, humbly request International
Community to extend their necessary humanitarian assistance to
these people till the normalcy is restored in Burma.
Central Committee, All Burma Students League.
**************************************************************
NATION: ANOTHER THAI HOTEL IN BURMA
October 28, 1994
LS Group, a subsidiary of Renown Leatherwear Plc, will today sign
an agreement witht he Burmese government to retn land for 30
years to build its second hotel in Burma.
Novotel Hotel, a Bt523 million (US$21 million) project is to be
managed by Accor Asia Pacific. The 210 room hotel will be
located in Mandalay and is scheduled to open in April next year.
LS Group previously signed an agreement witht he authorities to
builda hotel in Rangoon called Sofitel Hotel. It is now under
construction and will be completed in 1998 with 270 rooms. The
project will ost about Bt.1.6 billion (US$60 million).
At the same location as the Sofitel Rangoon, the company will
also open an office building with 15,000 square metres for rent.
The combined investment of the company in Rangoon is Bt 1.61
billion.
The company is one fo the Thai investors that have hotel projects
in Burma. Other Thai investors include Baiyoke Suit Hotels
Group, which signed an agreement witht eh Burmese government to
renovate the Kandawyi Hotel in Rangoon, VES Group, which invested
Bt250 million in the Tha-Htay-Kyun resort on Pulo Island--
opposite Rangon province and Central Group, which has a joint-
venture agreement with Thai company BUT Holding for a Bt250
million floating hotel in Yangon, Godlen Triangle Paradise Resort
and Ital-Thai Development which is building the Amari Hotel.
The Thai investors own 100 per cent stakes, while Hong Kong an
dSingapore investors have joint ventures with the Burmese
government.
A hotel source said Rangoon has urged foreign investors to build
first-class hotels because it is facing a lack of hotel rooms.
**************************************************************
SCB: BURMA - DEMOCRACY DENIED TOUR
Oct 21, 1994
by atiah@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sydney is to be the last leg of the 'BURMA - Democracy Denied'
exhibition that has toured Australia since mid-April.
The National tour has recieved much media attention in the cities
it visited, including three national radio interviews. Several
school groups also attended as part of their Asian studies
course.
The exhibition dates for Sydney are the 19th of October to the
30th of October at the Waterside Workers Gallery, 63 Sussex St.,
Sydney. For more info on the Sydney tour please send a reply
email.
The tour was sponsored by several churches, trade unions,
Austcare, Community Aid Abroard to name but a few.
The exhibition comprises:
10 large colour display panels, examining the country's history,
resources, ethnic mix, trade, human rights abuses & refugee
problems. Take-away pamphlets giving an in-depth look at the
topics covered. A 25 min slide-show/Video which adds atmosphere
& emotion to the exhibition site.
A documentary on the plight of the displaced people inside Burma
& the impact of foreign investment on the situation there. The
exhibition is strongly action oriented, with ideas for campaigns,
letter-writing, boycotts, petitions etc.
The exhibition kit is available from:
"Burma Issues"
PO Box 1076
Silom Post Office
Bangkok, 10504
THAILAND
Tel/Fax (662) 234 6674
for US$300 or equivalent, plus postage.
2 copies of the complete exhibition kit have been purchased by
The Uniting Church and the Queensland Education Dept. Both will
be used extensively in schools and hopefully made available to
interest groups.
The Sydney exhibition finishes soon, DON'T miss out!! (unless you
are on the other side of the world - that could be quite
difficult! You will have to get together with someone and buy a
copy from Burma Issues!!!)
**************************************************************
SCB: REQUEST TO BURMANET NEWS.
>jrchien@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>Oct 26, 1994
>
>
>I would like to request all those who send burmese news to the
>net to break the news into pieces. It is really unattractive to
>read big news piece. The subscribers will be better served by
>breaking news into separate pieces and posting them many news
>items with descriptive tittles. What do you think? It
>is just a suggestion.
Dear jrchien,
Thanks for your suggestion and I'll ask others if they would
prefer to have the news broken into smaller pieces as well.
Originally, the news was posted as individual items. The reason
for shifting to a "newspaper" format was because several
subscribers to the mailing list complained about having their
mailboxes filled with postings. A few subscribers also have to
pay their service provider for each message they receive,
regardless of message size. By putting the articles into one
package, it reduces the number of messages in subscriber's
mailboxes and saves a few people some money. It may well be less
pleasant to sort through it on newsreaders although it makes
downloading easier and and makes it easier for me to post. There
are tradeoffs with both formats but my guess is the current one
is the best for the most.
I'll talk with several subscribers about this and wait to see the
response to your idea before making any changes. When I have a
clearer sense of what the majority prefers, I'll contact you
directly.
Note to all BurmaNet News readers: I would appreciate any further
comments on the format of the News and will try to accomodate
reader requests.
-Strider
**************************************************************
SCB: MORE INFO ON MINISTER'S MEETING?
an140413@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Posted to soc.culture.burma on Oct 27, 1994
Min-galar-bar Ka-myar...
Will anyone who'd attended the meeting in SF with Trade Minister
(Tun Kyi?) please post any more details?
We had a sketch of what he said in an earlier post; I'd like to
know more about the response from the attendees to his "dragon"
example, and so on.
[Request to the poster of the earlier post on this matter: will
you please give us more details on that meeting? ]
Kyay-zoo & Shwin-lann Chan-myay bar-zay.
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ABBREVIATIONS USED BY BURMANET:
AP: ASSOCIATED PRESS
AFP: AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE
AW: ASIAWEEK
AWSJ: ASIAN WALL STREET JOURNAL
Bt.: THAI BAHT; 25 Bt.=US$1 (APPROX),
BBC: BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION,
BI: BURMA ISSUES
BIG: BURMA INFORMATION GROUP
BKK POST: THE BANGKOK POST
BRC-CM: BURMESE RELIEF CENTER-CHIANG MAI
BRC-J: BURMESE RELIEF CENTER-JAPAN
CPPSM: C'TTEE FOR THE PUBLICITY OF THE PEOPLE'S STRUGGLE IN
MONLAND
FEER: FAR EAST ECONOMIC REVIEW
JIR: JANE'S INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
KHRG: KAREN HUMAN RIGHTS GROUP
Kt. BURMESE KYAT; 110-120 KYAT =US$1 BLACKMARKET
6 KYAT=US$1 OFFICIAL
NATION: THE NATION (DAILY NEWSPAPER, BANGKOK)
NLM: NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR
S.C.B.:SOC.CULTURE.BURMA NEWSGROUP
S.C.T.:SOC.CULTURE.THAI NEWSGROUP
SEASIA-L: S.E.ASIA BITNET MAILING LIST
XNA: XINHUA NEWS AGENCY
**************************************************************